Effects of Er:YAG laser on mineral content of sound dentin in primary teeth.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Guler C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4150513 | biostudies-other | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of universal adhesive (UA) viscosity on the bond strength of resin composite to dentin prepared with Er:YAG laser. Four experimental UAs (SI-1, SI-2, SI-3, and SI-4) were developed by adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt/% nanosilica to BeautyBond Xtreme (Shofu), respectively. BeautyBond Xtreme was used as a control (SI-0). The viscosities of experimental UAs were measured using a B-type viscometer. After bovine mandibular anterior teeth were ground with #600 emery paper to obtain the flattened dentin surfaces, the dentin surfaces were cut thinly by irradiating the Er:YAG laser. Specimens were prepared using the respective UA and flowable resin composite and subjected to the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test. The data from viscosity measurement and the μTBS test were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mean values of viscosity significantly differed among the all experimental groups (p < 0.01). The μTBS of SI-1 and SI-2 was significantly higher than that of SI-0, SI-3, and SI-4 (p < 0.001). The μTBS of SI-0 was significantly lower than that of SI-4 (p < 0.001). The viscosities of the experimental universal adhesives significantly affected their bond strength to laser-cut dentin.
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Project description:Several reports have shown that the photo-bio-modulation of cells by various lasers has favorable biological effects. However, the effects of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on osteoblasts remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of primary osteoblast-like cells isolated from the calvariae of 3-5-day-old Wistar rats. Cells were irradiated by Er:YAG laser at energy fluences of 2.2, 3.3, and 4.3 J/cm2, respectively. After irradiation, cell surface temperatures were measured and cell proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry and CCK-8. Calcification was evaluated by measuring areas of Alizarin red S staining after 7, 14, and 21 days culture in osteoinductive medium. Gene expression in non-irradiated and laser-irradiated cells was evaluated by qPCR at 3, 6, and 12 h, as well as 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after irradiation. Microarray analysis was performed to comprehensively evaluate the gene expression of non-irradiated and irradiated cells at 3.3 J/cm2 at 6 h after irradiation. No pronounced increase of cell surface temperature was induced by irradiation. Irradiation did not affect osteoblast-like cell proliferation. Osteoblast-like cell calcification was significantly increased 7 days after Er:YAG laser irradiation at 3.3 J/cm2. Bglap expression was significantly increased in cells irradiated at 3.3 J/cm2 6 h post-irradiation. Microarray analysis showed that irradiation at 3.3 J/cm2 caused an upregulation of inflammation-related genes and downregulation of Wisp2. Gene set enrichment analysis also clarified enrichment of inflammation-related and Notch signaling gene sets. In conclusion, low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation at 3.3 J/cm2 enhanced calcification of primary osteoblast-like cells via enhanced Bglap expression and enriched Notch signaling.
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Project description:BackgroundGlaucoma is a leading cause of global blindness, especially preventable blindness. The increased prevalence of glaucoma has led to a growing demand for newer, safer, more rapid, and simpler treatments for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). In this study, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of performing filtration glaucoma surgery with an Ab-Interno Er:YAG laser in rabbits.MethodsNine New Zealand White rabbits age 16 weeks were studied. After subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C (MMC), a novel Ab-Interno Er:YAG laser probe was inserted into the anterior chamber (AC) through a clear corneal 1 mm paracentesis and directed at the trabecular meshwork adjacent to the MMC injection area. A pulsed laser beam was applied to create a patent sclerostomy connecting the AC to the subconjuctival space, resulting in a filtering bleb. The laser system used was the Er:YAG laser system - LAS25-FCU, (Pantec Biosolutions AG, Liechtenstein). Parameters used: Wave lengh: 2940 nm, Pulse length: 100-400 μsec,frequency: 250 Hz. Average laser power in accordance to the fiber tip diameter: 0.85 W(range 0.8-0.92 W). Complete ocular exams, including IOP measurements, were performed on 1, 7, 14, and 23 days postoperatively. Three rabbits were sacrificed on days 1, 14, and 23, and histological examinations were performed on all nine eyes.ResultsAll procedures resulted in a functional medium-large superior bleb without significant complications. The bleb was sustained in all rabbits by day 14 and in one of the three rabbits that reached the last follow-up at 23 days. No cases of postoperative hypotony were observed. There was a transient significant reduction in mean IOP on postoperative days 5 and 7 (P = 0.028). Histopathological analysis revealed a patent full-thickness scleral tunnel with only a minor degree of surrounding coagulation necrosis.ConclusionsThe Ab-Interno laser sclerostomy procedure is potentially safe and effective based on initial experience in an in-vivo rabbit animal model.
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Project description:Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the bioactive glass, the glass ionomer, and the Erbium YAG laser as liners on the remineralization of the affected dentin. Methods: The present study was conducted on 64 healthy extracted human molars divided into 4 groups, 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. After artificially inducing dentinal caries lesions, each of the experimental groups was applied to the cavity floor and then restored with a composite. The samples were stored after thermocycling in an incubator for two months. Finally, the hardness of the cavity floor was measured at 3 depths of 20, 50 and 100 ?m by the Vickers microhardness tester. The dentin conditions underneath the liners were also evaluated with FESEM. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Games-Howell test (P<0.05). Results: Among the groups, the lowest microhardness value was in the control group (P<0.05) except at a depth of 100 ?m; therefore, there was no significant difference between the control group and the bioactive glass (P>0.05). The laser group had the highest microhardness value, which was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the laser and bioactive glass (P<0.05), except at a depth of 20 ?m. The laser and glass ionomer had only a significant difference at a depth of 100 ?m (P<0.05). The microhardness value induced by glass ionomer was higher than bioactive glass, which in no depth was significant (P>0.05). Partial dentinal tubule occlusion was observed with FESEM in each of the experimental groups as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The microhardness values were higher in all groups than in the control group. The laser might be more successful in remineralization than the other ones.
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Project description:A novel real-time and non-destructive method for differentiating soft from hard tissue in laser osteotomy has been introduced and tested in a closed-loop fashion. Two laser beams were combined: a low energy frequency-doubled nanosecond Nd:YAG for detecting the type of tissue, and a high energy microsecond Er:YAG for ablating bone. The working principle is based on adjusting the energy of the Nd:YAG laser until it is low enough to create a microplasma in the hard tissue only (different energies are required to create plasma in different tissue types). Analyzing the light emitted from the generated microplasma enables real-time feedback to a shutter that prevents the Er:YAG laser from ablating the soft tissue.
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Project description:A number of reports showed that photo-bio-modulation by various lasers has favorable biological effects on cells. However, the effects of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on osteoblasts remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of primary osteoblast-like cells by low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation. Osteoblast-like cells isolated from the calvariae of 3–5-day-old Wistar rats were irradiated by Er:YAG laser at energy fluences of 2.2, 3.3, or 4.3 J/cm2, respectively. After irradiation, cell surface temperature was measured and cell proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry. Calcification was evaluated by measuring the Alizarin red S staining area after 7-day-culture with osteoinductive medium. Gene expressions in non-irradiated and laser-irradiated cells were evaluated by qPCR at 3, 6, and 12 hours after irradiation. Microarray analysis was performed to comprehensively evaluate gene expressions of non-irradiated cells and irradiated cells at 3.3 J/cm2 at 6 hours after irradiation. No pronounced increase of cell surface temperature was induced by low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation, and the Er:YAG laser irradiation did not affect osteoblast-like cell proliferation. Osteoblast-like cell calcification was significantly increased 7 days after Er:YAG laser irradiation at 3.3 J/cm2. Bglap expression was significantly increased in cells irradiated at 3.3 J/cm2 at 6 hours post-irradiation. Microarray analysis showed that irradiation at 3.3 J/cm2 caused up-regulation of inflammation-related genes and down-regulation of Wisp2. Gene set enrichment analysis also clarified enrichment of inflammation-related gene sets and Notch signaling pathway. In conclusion, Low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation enhanced calcification of primary osteoblast-like cells via enhanced Bglap expression and enriched Notch signaling pathway.
2022-02-28 | GSE146098 | GEO
Project description:We investigated the biofilm removal effects of laser activated irrigation (LAI) using a pig model, focusing on the impact of the fiber tip position, and used a high-speed camera to observe the occurrence and positioning of the cavitation associated with laser irradiation. A total of 16 roots of deciduous mandibular second premolars from 4 pigs were used. After a pulpectomy, the canals were left open for 2 weeks and sealed for 4 weeks to induce intraradicular biofilm. Root canal irrigation was then performed with Er:YAG laser activation. The fiber tip was inserted at two different positions, i.e., into the root canal in the intracanal LAI group and into the pulp chamber in the coronal LAI group. Intracanal needle irrigation with saline or 5% NaOCl was utilized in the positive control and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) groups. SEM and qPCR were carried out to evaluate treatment efficacy. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test for qPCR and with a Steel-Dwass test to compare the SEM scores, with α = 0.05. A high-speed camera was used to observe the generation of cavitation bubbles and the movement of the induced bubbles after laser irradiation. The intracanal and coronal LAI groups showed significantly lower amounts of bacteria than either the positive control or CNI groups. There was no significant difference found between the intracanal and coronal LAI groups. SEM images revealed opened dentinal tubules with the destruction of biofilm in both LAI groups. High-speed camera images demonstrated cavitation bubble production inside the root canal after a single pulse irradiation pulse. The generated bubbles moved throughout the entire internal multi-rooted tooth space. Coronal LAI can generate cavitation in the root canal with a simply placed fiber inside the pulp chamber, leading to effective biofilm removal. This method could thus contribute to the future development of endodontic treatments for refractory apical periodontitis caused by intraradicular biofilm.
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Project description:The periocular region is challenging for cosmetic laser surgeons. Surgery and laser resurfacing have traditionally been used to correct periorbital lines and wrinkles. Although effective, the associated downtime with these methods has made many people reluctant to decide for such treatments. More recently, the non-ablative long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser is being used to improve the structure and function and hence the appearance of skin in the periorbital region. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for non-ablative treatment of periorbital static wrinkles and skin laxity. This is a prospective analysis of 30 patients treated for periorbital rejuvenation using three sessions of non-ablative long-pulse Er:YAG laser over a 3-month period. All patients were assessed according to Fitzpatrick's classification of periorbital wrinkles to class I, II, or III and were treated with 2940 nm Er:YAG laser using a fluence of 3.75 J/cm2, a repetition rate of 1.7-2 Hz, and with the SMOOTH™ pulse mode (250 ms). The treatment sessions were performed on each patient, 4 weeks apart. Patient improvement was assessed before each laser session as well as at 12 months after the final treatment. Blind photographic evaluations were performed by three independent physicians using unlabeled before and after photos arranged in non-chronological order. Reviewers were asked to determine the before and after photos. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire measuring satisfaction 4 weeks after each session, and to report any adverse reactions. There was statistically and clinically significant improvement in the Fitzpatrick classification of the periorbital wrinkles. Blinded evaluators correctly identified the before and after photos in all cases. All patients reported mild edema and erythema, which persisted for 1 to 2 days, and superficial peeling of the skin for 4 to 6 days after each laser treatment. No long-term adverse effects were reported. The non-ablative long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser seems to be a safe and effective treatment for periocular rejuvenation with minimal and tolerable adverse reaction. The improvement attained from the laser sessions was persisting after 1 year denoting the long-term efficacy of the procedure.
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2020-03-03 | GSE146183 | GEO
Project description:Introduction: A variety of laser treatments have been applied in numerous medical fields. In dentistry, laser treatments are used for caries, root canals, and periodontal disease, as well as surgical resection. Numerous reports have recently been published on the use of lasers for bone regeneration. If laser irradiation is found to promote the activation of bone metabolism, it might also be effective for periodontal treatment, peri-implantitis, and bone regeneration. Therefore, the present in vitro study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser irradiation on the bone using osteoblast-like cells. Methods: Osteoblast-like Saos 2 cells (5.0×104 cells) were seeded in 24-well plates. 24 hours after being seeded, the cells were subjected to 0.3 W, 0.6 W, and 2.0 W Er: YAG laser irradiation and then allowed to recover for 48 hours. The expression levels of bone metabolism-related factors alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were then evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results: Saos 2 cells subjected to Er: YAG laser irradiation at 0.3 W, 0.6 W, and 2.0 W showed normal growth. When the Er: YAG laser irradiation and control groups were compared after 48 hours, increases were observed in ALP, BSP, and OPG gene and protein expression in the 2.0 W group. Similar results were obtained in the western blot analysis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Er: YAG laser irradiation of osteoblast-like cells is effective for activating bone metabolism factors.
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