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Structural performance of a hybrid FRP-aluminum modular triangular Truss system subjected to various loading conditions.

ABSTRACT: A novel hybrid FRP-aluminum truss system has been employed in a two-rut modular bridge superstructure composed of twin inverted triangular trusses. The actual flexural behavior of a one-rut truss has been previously investigated under the on-axis loading test; however, the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to an off-axis load is still not fully understood. In this paper, a geometrical linear finite element model is introduced and validated by the on-axis loading test; the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to off-axis load was numerically obtained; the dissimilarities of the structural performance between the two different loading cases are investigated in detail. The results indicated that (1) the structural behavior of the off-axis load differs from that of the on-axis load, and the off-axis load is the critical loading condition controlling the structural performance of the triangular truss; (2) under the off-axis load, the FRP trussed members and connectors bear certain out-of-plane bending moments and are subjected to a complicated stress state; and (3) the stress state of these members does not match that of the initial design, and optimization for the redesign of these members is needed, especially for the pretightened teeth connectors.

SUBMITTER: Zhang D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4164816 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Restrictions on the conventional evaluation of diastolic function have been recognized, especially under various loading conditions. Recently, new noninvasive ventricular vortex indexes have been introduced and are expected to reflect the cardiac function. Physiologically, there is a hypothesis that the intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) is related to the formation of vortexes. IVPD and vortex indexes were simultaneously measured, and the relationship between the two was investigated. To verify the possibility of diastolic vorticity as an index of diastolic relaxation, a correlation between diastolic vorticity and the load dependency of vorticity [time constant (?)] was examined. Six healthy dogs were studied using transthoracic echocardiography, pressure, and a conductance catheter. Vorticity was analyzed using vector flow mapping (VFM). IVPD was determined using Euler's equation with color M-mode Doppler images. Data were obtained at baseline, at balloon dilatation in the thoracic aorta to alter afterload, at hydroxyethyl starch infusion to alter preload, and at milrinone administration to alter ventricular relaxation. Peak vorticity at early diastole (E-Vor) and IVPD of the midventricle (MIVPD) decreased under pressure loading, were unchanged under volume loading, and increased during milrinone administration. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of ? were global longitudinal strain, strain rate at early diastole, and E-Vor. MIVPD was strongly correlated with E-Vor ( r?=?0.84). VFM-derived peak E vorticity was strongly related to IVPD, especially MIVPD, under various loading conditions. Both of these novel indexes are promising as reliable indexes of ventricular relaxation, independent from preload. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We showed the close relationship of vortex and intraventricular pressure difference and showed that both of them can become new markers of the left ventricular relaxation property. Our present study creates a paradigm for future studies in the field of intraventircular flow physiology and clinical diastology.

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Structural performance of a hybrid FRP-aluminum modular triangular Truss system subjected to various loading conditions.

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