Intelligent bar chart plagiarism detection in documents.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Al-Dabbagh MM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4182899 | biostudies-other | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the tobacco industry's use of bar promotions, including their target groups, objectives, strategies, techniques, and results.DesignOver 2000 tobacco industry documents available as a result of the Master Settlement Agreement were reviewed on the internet at several key web sites using keyword searches that included "bar", "night", "pub", "party", and "club". The majority of the documents deal with the US market, with a minor emphasis on Canadian and overseas markets.ResultsThe documents indicate that bar promotions are important for creating and maintaining brand image, and are generally targeted at a young adult audience. Several measures of the success of these promotions are used, including number of individuals exposed to the promotion, number of promotional items given away, and increased sales of a particular brand during and after the promotion.ConclusionBar promotions position cigarettes as being part of a glamorous lifestyle that includes attendance at nightclubs and bars, and appear to be highly successful in increasing sales of particular brands.
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Project description:Microfluidics have become an enabling technology for point-of-care and personalized diagnostics. Desirable capabilities of microfluidics-based diagnostic devices include simplicity, portability, low cost and the performance of multiplexed and quantitative measurements, ideally in a high-throughput format. Here we present the multiplexed volumetric bar-chart chip (V-Chip), which integrates all these capabilities in one device. A key feature of the V-Chip is that quantitative results are displayed as bar charts directly on the device-without the need for optical instruments or any data processing or plotting steps. This is achieved by directly linking oxygen production by catalase, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte, with the displacement of ink along channels on the device. We demonstrate the rapid quantification of protein biomarkers in diverse clinical samples with the V-Chip. The development of the V-Chip thus opens up the possibility of greatly simplified point-of-care and personalized diagnostics.
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Project description:A portable multiplexed bar-chart SpinChip (MB-SpinChip) integrated with nanoparticle-mediated magnetic aptasensors was developed for visual quantitative instrument-free detection of multiple pathogens. This versatile multiplexed SpinChip combines aptamer-specific recognition and nanoparticle-catalyzed pressure amplification to achieve a sample-to-answer output for sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT). This is the first report of pathogen detection using a volumetric bar-chart chip, and it is also the first bar-chart chip using a "spinning" mechanism to achieve multiplexed bar-chart detection. Additionally, the introduction of the spin unit not only enabled convenient sample introduction from one inlet to multiple separate channels in the multiplexed detection, but also elegantly solved the pressure cross-interference problem in the multiplexed volumetric bar-chart chip. This user-friendly MB-SpinChip allows visual quantitative detection of multiple pathogens simultaneously with high sensitivity but without utilizing any specialized instruments. Using this MB-SpinChip, three major foodborne pathogens including Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes were specifically quantified in apple juice with limits of detection of about 10 CFU/mL. This MB-SpinChip with a bar-chart-based visual quantitative readout has great potential for the rapid simultaneous detection of various pathogens at the point of care and wide applications in food safety, environmental surveillance, and infectious disease diagnosis.
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Project description:Point-of-care (POC) testing has become widely used in clinical analysis because of its speed and portability; however, POC tools, such as lateral flow assays, suffer from low specificity, unclear readouts, and susceptibility to environmental and user errors. Herein, we report an ELISA-based competitive volumetric bar-chart chip (CV-chip) that eliminates these limitations. The CV-chip displays the readout in the form of ink bar charts based on direct competition between gases generated by the sample and the internal control. By employing a "competition mode", this platform decreases the potential influence of background resulting from environmental factors and provides visually clear positive or negative results without the requirement of calibration. In addition, the on-chip comparison enables the device to distinguish imperceptible differences (less than 1.3-fold) in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations that are near the cutoff value for pregnancy (?1.4 ng/mL). We also utilized the ELISA-based CV-chip to successfully detect biomarkers from cancer cells. As a proof-of-concept application in a clinical setting, the CV-chip was employed to evaluate the status of drugs of abuse in 18 patients. For six different drugs, zero false-positive and very few false-negative (<2%) results were reported in more than 100 tests. This new ELISA platform offers a clinical diagnostics tool that is portable and easy to use, and provides improved clarity and sensitivity due to the inclusion of a real-time internal control.
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Project description:ObjectiveTo adapt and validate a chart-based delirium detection tool for use in critically ill adults.DesignValidation study.SettingMedical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in an academic hospital.MeasurementsA chart-based delirium detection tool (CHART-DEL) was adapted for use in critically ill adults (CHART-DEL-ICU) and compared with prospective delirium assessments (i.e., clinical assessments (reference standard) by a research nurse trained by a neuropsychiatrist and routine delirium screening tools Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU)) and (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC)). The original CHART-DEL tool was adapted to include physician-reported ICDSC score (for probable delirium) and Richmond-Agitation Sedation Scale score (for altered level of consciousness and agitation). Two trained chart abstractors blinded to all delirium assessments manually abstracted delirium-related information from medical charts and electronic medical records and rated if delirium was present (four levels: uncertain, possible, probable, definite) or absent (no evidence).ResultsCharts were manually abstracted for delirium-related information for 213 patients who were included in a prospective cohort study that included prospective delirium assessments. The CHART-DEL-ICU tool had excellent interrater reliability (kappa = 0.90). Compared to the reference standard, the sensitivity was 66.0% (95% CI = 59.3-72.3%) and specificity was 82.1% (95% CI = 78.0-85.7%), with a cut-point that included definite, probable, possible, and uncertain delirium. The AUC of the CHART-DEL-ICU alone is 74.1% (95% CI = 70.4-77.8%) compared with the addition of the CAM-ICU and ICDSC (CAM-ICU/CHART-DEL-ICU: 80.9% (95% CI = 77.8-83.9%), P = .01; ICDSC/CHART-DEL-ICU: 79.2% (95% CI = 75.9-82.6%), P = .03).ConclusionA chart-based delirium detection tool has improved diagnostic accuracy when combined with routine delirium screening tools (CAM-ICU and ICDSC), compared to a chart-based method on its own. This presents a potential for retrospective detection of delirium from medical charts for research or to augment routine delirium screening methods to find missed cases of delirium.
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