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Activation of markers of inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis in musculoskeletal trauma.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury induces changes in mediators of inflammation and coagulation, but the pivotal roles of inflammation and coagulation has not been precisely clarified. Therefore we have studied markers of inflammation and coagulation after a standardized musculoskeletal trauma like total hip replacement surgery. METHODS: We allocated 21 patients aged 50 to 84 years who underwent total hip replacement surgery. Releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and protrombin fragment F1.2 and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) were examined during surgery and up 6 days postoperatively, and systemic releases were compared to pre-operative values. Surgery induced significant increments in serum levels of IL-6 at 6 hours and at 1 day after surgery and in levels of IL-8 at 6 hours after surgery. There were no significant changes in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-10. There were significant increments in blood levels of F1.2 and PAP up to 6 days postoperatively with highest levels at 6 hours after surgery. There were only week correlations between IL-6 and IL-8 and F1.2 and PAP. CONCLUSION: Major musculoskeletal surgery causes changes of the inflammatory, coagulatory and fibrinolytic cascades in stable patients, but with no correlations between inflammation and coagulation and fibrinolysis.

SUBMITTER: Reikeras O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4217712 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundSequelae of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children include recurrence, development of post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) when venous return from a limb is affected and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after pulmonary embolism. Identification of laboratory-based risk factors may be useful for individualized risk assessment for VTE sequelae. Coagulation activation and inflammation may contribute to their pathophysiology. We performed a systematic review to investigate the association between biomarkers of coagulation activation, inflammation and fibrinolysis and adverse VTE outcomes in children and young adults.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases, PubMed (NIH), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science (Thompson Reuters), and SCOPUS (Elsevier) for studies published through November 2016 was conducted using "VTE" including MeSH terms for "coagulation activation," "inflammation" and "fibrinolysis," with no limit on publication date. A study was eligible for inclusion when it evaluated patients (< 21years) with VTE and biomarkers of coagulation activation, inflammation, and fibrinolysis and assessed for their association with development of adverse thrombotic outcomes. A modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale was applied to examine the quality of included studies.ResultsOur search strategy yielded 200 references. A total of 3 cohort studies representing 220 patients with VTE were included. Two authors independently assessed all references for inclusion. Three studies (2 prospective cohort and one mixed cohort study) were identified that reported on biomarkers of coagulation activation, inflammation and fibrinolysis, checked at least once after VTE diagnosis and assessed association with primary outcomes of recurrent VTE, PTS and CTEPH. Studies varied with regards to definition of outcomes, the type of biomarkers measured and time point of measurement. We were unable to meta-analyze results due to marked clinical heterogeneity and <3 studies available for each biomarker. Descriptively, a significant association was found for elevated plasma levels of FVIII and D-dimer for a compound outcome of PTS, recurrence and progression in one study, and positive lupus anticoagulant at DVT diagnosis and subsequent PTS by another study. No studies were found for CTEPH.ConclusionsElevated D-dimer, FVIII and lupus anticoagulant show promise for predicting recurrent VTE and PTS in children and young adults. Further research is needed to elucidate whether these markers might be useful to predict development of adverse outcomes after VTE in children.

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Activation of markers of inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis in musculoskeletal trauma.

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