William Burns.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hinchcliffe R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC421839 | biostudies-other | 2004 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Burns can cause extensive and devastating injuries of the head and neck. Prevention of the initial injury must always be a priority, but once an injury has occurred, then prevention of progression of the damage together with survival of the patient must be the immediate goals. The acute care will have a major influence on the subsequent scarring, reconstructive need, and long-term outcome. In the majority of cases, the reconstruction will involve restoration of form and function to the soft tissues, and the methods used will depend very much on the extent of scarring locally and elsewhere in the body. In nearly all cases, a significant improvement in functional and aesthetic outcomes can be achieved, which, in conjunction with intensive psychosocial rehabilitation, can lead to high-quality patient outcomes. With the prospect of facial transplantation being a clinical reality, the reconstructive spectrum has opened up even further, and, with appropriate reconstruction and support, no patient should be left economically deprived or socially isolated after a burn injury.
| S-EPMC3324235 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background: Scald burns result from exposure to high-temperature fluids and are more common in the pediatric age group. They occur mainly by two mechanisms: (i) spill and (ii) immersion (hot cauldron) burns. These two patterns differ in clinical characteristics and outcomes. Scalds cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. The objective of this study was to compare accidental spill burns and hot cauldron burns in a hospital setting. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the secondary data of scald cases admitted during the years 2019 and 2020 in a burn-dedicated tertiary care center. Total population sampling was adopted. Data analysis was done partly using SPSS, version-23, and Stata-15. Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact test were done appropriately to find associations between different variables. Binary regression analysis was performed taking mortality events as the outcome of interest. Results: Out of 108 scald cases, 43 (39.8%) had hot cauldron burns and 65 (60.2%) had accidental spill burns. Overall mortality was 16 (14.8%), out of which hot cauldron burns and accidental spill burns comprised 12 (75.0%) and 4 (25.0%), respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed the type of scald, age, and Baux score found to be associated with mortality. Every one-year increment in age had a 29% lower odds of occurrence of mortality event (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.99, p=0.042). Likewise, every one-point increment in Baux score was associated with 19% higher odds of mortality (adjusted OR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.08-1.32; p<0.001). Conclusions: Accidental spill burn was more common but mortality was significantly higher for hot cauldron burns. The risk of mortality was significantly higher in burn events occurring outside the house, and burns involving back, buttocks, perineum, and lower extremities.
| S-EPMC8758969 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBurn demographics, prevention and care have changed considerably since the 1970s. The objectives were to 1) identify new and confirm previously described changes, 2) make comparisons to the American Burn Association National Burn Repository, 3) determine when the administration of fluids in excess of the Baxter formula began and to identify potential causes, and 4) model mortality over time, during a 36-year period (1974-2009) at the Harborview Burn Center in Seattle, WA, USA.Methods and findings14,266 consecutive admissions were analyzed in five-year periods and many parameters compared to the National Burn Repository. Fluid resuscitation was compared in five-year periods from 1974 to 2009. Mortality was modeled with the rBaux model. Many changes are highlighted at the end of the manuscript including 1) the large increase in numbers of total and short-stay admissions, 2) the decline in numbers of large burn injuries, 3) that unadjusted case fatality declined to the mid-1980s but has changed little during the past two decades, 4) that race/ethnicity and payer status disparity exists, and 5) that the trajectory to death changed with fewer deaths occurring after seven days post-injury. Administration of fluids in excess of the Baxter formula during resuscitation of uncomplicated injuries was evident at least by the early 1990s and has continued to the present; the cause is likely multifactorial but pre-hospital fluids, prophylactic tracheal intubation and opioids may be involved.Conclusions1) The dramatic changes include the rise in short-stay admissions; as a result, the model of burn care practiced since the 1970s is still required but is no longer sufficient. 2) Fluid administration in excess of the Baxter formula with uncomplicated injuries began at least two decades ago. 3) Unadjusted case fatality declined to ?6% in the mid-1980s and changed little since then. The rBaux mortality model is quite accurate.
| S-EPMC3390332 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Identifying the issues and concerns that matter most to burns survivors can be challenging. For a number of reasons, but mainly relating to patient empowerment, some of the most pressing concerns patients may have during a clinical encounter may not naturally be the focal point of that encounter. The Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) is a tried and tested concept initially developed in the field of head and neck cancer that empowers patients during a clinical encounter through provision of a list of prompts that allows patients to self-report concerns prior to consultation. The aim of this study was to develop a PCI for adult burns patients. DESIGN:Content for the PCI was generated from three sources: burns health-related quality of life tools, thematic analysis of one-to-one interviews with 12 adult burns patients and 17 multidisciplinary team (MDT) members. Content was refined using a Delphi consensus technique, with patients and staff members, using SurveyMonkey. SETTING:Within outpatient secondary care. PARTICIPANTS:Twelve adult burns patients and MDT members from two regional burns centres. RESULTS:A total of 111 individual items were generated from the three sources. The Delphi process refined the total number of items to 58. The main emergent domains were physical and functional well-being (18 items), psychological, emotional and spiritual well-being (22 items), social care and social well-being (7 items) and treatment-related concerns (11 items). CONCLUSIONS:The Adult Burns Patient Concerns Inventory is a 58-item, holistic prompt list, designed to be used in the outpatient clinic. It offers a new tool in burn care to improve communication between healthcare professionals and patients, empowering them to identify their most pressing concerns and hence deliver a more focused and targeted patient-centred clinical encounter.
| S-EPMC6955499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The worldwide occurrence of burn injuries remains high despite efforts to reduce injury incidence through public awareness campaigns and improvements in living conditions. In 2004, almost 11 million people experienced burns severe enough to warrant medical treatment. Advances over the past several decades in aggressive resuscitation, nutrition, excision and grafting have reduced morbidity and mortality. Incorporation of pharmacotherapeutics into treatment regimens may further reduce complications of severe burn injuries.Severe burn injuries, as well as other forms of stress and trauma, trigger a hypermetabolic response that, if left untreated, impedes recovery. In the past two decades, use of anabolic agents, ?-adrenergic receptor antagonists and anti-hyperglycemic agents has successfully counteracted post-burn morbidities including catabolism, the catecholamine-mediated response and insulin resistance. Here, the authors review the most up-to-date information on currently used pharmacotherapies in the treatment of these sequelae of severe burns and the insights that have expanded the understanding of the pathophysiology of severe burns.Existing drugs offer promising advances in the care of burn injuries. Continued gains in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the hypermetabolic response will enable the application of additional existing drugs to be broadened to further attenuate the hypermetabolic response.
| S-EPMC3576016 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: Laser 'toys' can be purchased online and imported with relative ease; the variety of such devices is a potential public safety concern. We describe five children with maculopathy following exposure to laser 'toys'. METHODS: Case series of maculopathy following exposure to laser 'toys'. RESULTS: Five children were seen in our Ophthalmic Unit with macular injuries following exposure to laser 'toys'. Clinically, three children had an acute vitelliform-like maculopathy which resolved to leave sub-foveal retinal pigment epithelium changes with reduced vision. One case was complicated by a choroidal neovascular membrane. CONCLUSION: Laser 'toys', which resemble laser pointers, are increasingly available over the internet. Such 'toys' may not meet safety standards. Retinal injury in childhood following exposure to laser 'toys' is a public safety concern.
| S-EPMC3930284 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesTo review pre-burns centre management, including assessment, resuscitation, and transfer.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the notes of all the UK patients admitted to the Burns Centre in 1998, who had a body surface area burn of over 15% in adults (10% in children).ResultsThere were 31 patients, 21 adults and 10 children, and the average burn size was 32% (12-96%). Fourteen were overestimated (average of 9%) and 13 underestimated by 7.5%. Twenty nine received intravenous fluids, 18 specified a formula, but it was only applied correctly in 10. The average time to the Burns Centre from the burn was 10 hours, and the time for resuscitation and transfer, eight hours. Documentation was generally poor.ConclusionThere has previously been considerable variation in the standard of initial burn management and there have been problems with burn percentage assessment and resuscitation formula application. A new proforma has been introduced to tackle these issues.
| S-EPMC1725679 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Outcomes of patients with burns have improved substantially over the past two decades. Findings from a 2012 study in The Lancet showed that a burn size of more than 60% total body surface area burned (an increase from 40% a decade ago) is associated with risks and mortality. Similar data have been obtained in adults and elderly people who have been severely burned. We discuss recent and future developments in burn care to improve outcomes of children.
| S-EPMC7859869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Treadmills have become relatively common in American homes. This machine can be dangerous for children because they can sustain friction burns to the hands when the moving treadmill is touched. With aggressive wound care and physical therapy, most of these burns will heal without surgery. However, some patients will require reconstructive surgery to release contractures. We report our experience with a series of patients who suffered friction burns to the hand from contact with a moving treadmill. The purpose of this study is to further understand the incidence and outcomes of this type of injury. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients referred between September 2002 and June 2005 to our hand surgery clinic for treadmill friction burns on the hand(s) was conducted. Pertinent data collected included sex, age, injury distribution, and surgeries performed. An analysis of data maintained by the Consumer Product Safety Commission was used to understand the incidence of exercise equipment-induced injuries. RESULTS: Thirteen pediatric patients were evaluated for friction burns on the hand. Their total injuries included 24 fingers, 1 hand, and 1 forearm. Three patients (23%) required surgery for release of flexion contractures. All wounds of the remaining 10 patients healed, and with the implementation of hand therapy programs did not require subsequent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Treadmill friction burns to the hands of children can lead to limitations of the motion of the hand. Because this problem is completely preventable, parents and treadmill manufacturers are encouraged to be proactive in preventing these injuries. In addition, prompt initiation of wound care and hand therapy is integral to a favorable outcome.
| S-EPMC2527230 | biostudies-other
Project description:Aim: We performed a transcriptomic analysis of affected dorsal root ganglions in mice following a partial thickness locl burn injury on the left hind feet to gain a better understanding of the molecular changes that accompany burns pain Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were sacrificed three days after the burn injury and lumbar dorsal root ganglions L3, L4, and L5 were extracted. Four animals were pooled together to form one biological replicate, and samples were gathered in triplicates. Sequencing was conducted on Illumina NextSeq 500 as 75-nucleotide single-end runs and libraries wre prepared using TruSeq stranded total RNA library preparation. Reads were mapped using STAR aligner and samtools, mapped to mm10 (Ensembl), and count tables generated using HTSeq_count Results: We discovered 30 genes differentially expressed following the burns injury in dorsal root ganglions, among which are Atf3, Npy, Lipn, and others. We identified Cckbr and Grin2b as potential pharmaceutical targets for pain. Conclusion: Neurons undergo mainly an inflammatory and regenerative process following a local burn and enriched neuropeptide signalling processes. Cckbr and Grin2b in particular were identified as potential targets in the treatment of burns pain together with other genes identified in our study
2016-05-01 | GSE75691 | GEO