Where there is smoke…there is sleep apnea: exploring the relationship between smoking and sleep apnea.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Krishnan V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4251622 | biostudies-other | 2014 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, effecting 17% of the total population and 40-70% of the obese population (1, 2). Multiple studies have identified OSA as a critical risk factor for the development of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (3-5). Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic disorders can exacerbate OSA, creating a bidirectional relationship between OSA and metabolic physiology. In this review, we explore the relationship between glycemic control, insulin, and leptin as both contributing factors and products of OSA. We conclude that while insulin and leptin action may contribute to the development of OSA, further research is required to determine the mechanistic actions and relative contributions independent of body weight. In addition to increasing our understanding of the etiology, further research into the physiological mechanisms underlying OSA can lead to the development of improved treatment options for individuals with OSA.
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Project description:Study objectivesThe role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the overall outcome of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) is unknown. We have investigated the role of OSA in overall outcome of RIAs.MethodsData from 159 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. A chi-square test and regression analysis were performed to determine the significant difference. A value of P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsThe prevalence of OSA in RIAs was fivefold higher in the nonaneurysm patient group, P = .002. The number of patients with hypertension (P < .0001), body mass index ≥ 30 (P < .0001), hyperlipidemia (P = .018), chronic heart disease (P = .002) or prior ischemic stroke (P = .001) was significantly higher in the OSA group. Similarly, the number of wide-neck aneurysms (P < .0001) and aneurysm > 7 mm (P = .004), poor Hunt and Hess grade IV-V (P = .005), vasospasms, (P = .03), and patients with poor Modified Rankin Scale scores (3-6) was significantly higher in the OSA group (P < .0001). Interestingly, for the first time in univariate (P = .01) and multivariate (P = .003) regression analysis, OSA was identified as an individual predictor of unfavorable outcome of RIAs. In addition, hypertension (P = .04), smoking (P = .049), chronic heart disease (P = .01), and Hunt and Hess grade IV-V (P = .04) were revealed as predictors of poor outcome of RIAs.ConclusionsThis is a novel study to determine the association between OSA and ruptured cerebral aneurysm in terms of comorbidities, size of aneurysm, severity of symptoms, and outcomes after treatment. In addition, for the first time, OSA is identified as a positive predictor of unfavorable outcome of RIAs.
| S-EPMC7099178 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder. Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep that commonly co-occurs with OSA. The presented study aimed to assess this relationship and to identify factors affecting this co-occurrence. Adult patients (n = 110) were evaluated for OSA and SB in a sleep laboratory using polysomnography. The episodes of bruxism and respiratory events were scored according to the standards of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The prevalence of OSA and SB was found to be 86.37% and 50%, respectively. The bruxism episode index (BEI) was increased in the group with mild and moderate OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <30) compared to that in the group with severe OSA (AHI ? 30) (5.50 ± 4.58 vs. 1.62 ± 1.28, p < 0.05). A positive correlation between AHI and BEI was observed in the group with AHI < 30. Regression analysis indicated that higher AHI, male gender, and diabetes were independent predictors for the increased BEI in group with AHI < 30. The relationship between OSA and SB depends on the degree of severity of OSA. OSA is correlated with SB in mild and moderate cases of OSA in the group of patients with increased risk of OSA.
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Project description:In recent years, growing evidence suggests an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common sleep breathing disorder which is increasing in prevalence as the obesity epidemic surges, and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF is a costly public health problem increasing a patient's risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. It remains unclear whether the association is based on mutual risk factors, such as obesity and hypertension, or whether OSA is an independent risk factor and causative in nature. This paper explores the pathophysiology of OSA which may predispose to AF, clinical implications of stroke risk in this cohort who display overlapping disease processes, and targeted treatment strategies such as continuous positive airway pressure and AF ablation.
| S-EPMC3600315 | biostudies-other
Project description:Smoking is a risk factor for respiratory diseases, and it worsens sleep quality due to nicotine stimulation and sudden nicotine withdrawal during sleep. This can increase the severity of OSA through alterations upper airway inflammation and neuromuscular function, arousal mechanisms, and sleep architecture. Therefore, it may lead to sleep-disrupted breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Herein, this study aims to research the association between smoking and OSA through the STOP-Bang index. In this study, total sample of 3442 participants (1465 men and 1977 women) were analyzed. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2020 by classifying adults into current, ex-, and non-smokers. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between smoking and OSA. Furthermore, multinomial regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of smoking cessation. For males, compared to the non-smokers, the odds ratios (OR) for the OSA were significantly higher in the ex-smokers (OR: 1.53, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.01-2.32) and current smokers (OR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.89). In females, higher ORs were observed for OSA risk, similar to the non-smokers, smoking cessation, and pack-years. Among men, OSA was significantly associated with a moderate risk for ex-smokers (OR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.48) and a severe risk for current smokers (OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.07-3.29). This study observed that smoking might contribute to OSA risk among adults. Smoking cessation can help to manage sleep quality properly.
| S-EPMC10241803 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims. High prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) has been reported in patients with diabetes. However, whether diabetic neuropathy (DN) contributes to this high prevalence is controversial. Our aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of SAS between patients with and without DN. Methods. Systematic literature searches were conducted for cross-sectional studies that reported the number of patients with DN and SAS using MEDLINE (from 1966 to Nov 5, 2012) and EMBASE (from 1974 to Nov 5, 2012). Odds ratios (ORs) of SAS related to DN were pooled with the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results. Data were obtained from 5 eligible studies (including 6 data sets, 880 participants, and 429 cases). Overall, the pooled OR of SAS in patients with DN compared with that in non-DN patients was significant (OR (95% CI), -1.95 (1.03-3.70)). The pooled OR of SAS was 1.90 (0.97-3.71) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Excluding data on patients with type 1 diabetes, a higher OR was observed in younger patients (mean age <60 years) than in those ?60 years among whom the OR remained significant (3.82; 95% CI, 2.24-6.51 and 1.17; 95% CI, 0.81-1.68). Conclusions. Current meta-analysis suggested the association of some elements of neuropathy with SAS in type 2 diabetes. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether the association is also true for patients with type 1 diabetes.
| S-EPMC3871907 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAlthough psoriasis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are associated with systemic inflammation, studies on their potential bilateral relationship are not sufficient.AimTo investigate vitamin D levels and receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with OSAS and psoriasis and the associations with these diseases.Material and methodsOne hundred thirty-seven patients included in the study consisted of 4 different groups: group 1, those with both diseases; group 2, those with OSAS only; group 3, patients with psoriasis only; and group 4, healthy controls. The patients' serum calcium, phosphorus, AHI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Psoriasis Area Severity Index, and VDR TagI, ApaI, BsmI polymorphisms were compared.ResultsVitamin D levels of groups 1, 2 and 3 were found to be lower than in controls. There was no statistically significant correlation between VDR TagI, ApaI, BsmI gene polymorphisms of the groups. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in patients with heterozygous ApaI genotype (A/C) compared to patients with normal (A/A) or homozygous mutant (C/C) genotype (p < 0.05). No relationship was determined between VDR TagI, ApaI, BsmI, and the other parameters.ConclusionsIn our study, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in all disease groups compared to the control group. Although there is no difference between the groups in terms of VDR gene polymorphism, we think that there may be a bidirectional relationship between these diseases based on the low vitamin D levels.
| S-EPMC9131946 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This review offers an overview of the relationship between diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, and heart disease. It then addresses evidence that the traditional understanding of this relationship is incomplete or misleading. In the process, there is a brief discussion of the evolutionary rationale for the development and retention of OSA in light of blood sugar dysregulation, as an adaptive mechanism in response to environmental stressors, followed by a brief overview of the general concepts of epigenetics. Finally, this paper presents the results of a literature search on the epigenetic marks and changes in gene expression found in OSA and diabetes. (While some of these marks will also correlate with obesity and heart disease, that is beyond the scope of this project). We conclude with an exploration of alternative explanations for the etiology of these interlinking diseases.
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Project description:Study Objectives: Coronary artery disease is considered to be the major cause of death amongst patients with ischemic stroke. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is related not only to sleep-disordered breathing, but also with future risk of cardiovascular mortality. We investigated the association between the severity of sleep-disordered breathing and CAC score in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: We included 32 patients who underwent coronary multichannel computed tomography and polysomnography (within 2 years of the stroke event) amongst the patients admitted to our clinic due to acute ischemic stroke. We investigated vascular risk factors, polysomnography findings, and sleep questionnaire scores, and their relationships with the CAC score. Results: All patients were found to have sleep apnea of any degree, and 23 (72%) had severe sleep apnea. Twenty-three (72%) patients had a positive CAC score. Higher CAC scores were associated with elevated respiratory disturbance index (RDI), apnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and STOP-BANG test scores. Multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounding factors revealed independent relationships between the CAC score and the RDI (ß [SE] = 5.3 [2.1], p = 0.01), oxygen desaturation index (ß [SE] = 6.8 [2.8], p = 0.02), and STOP-BANG test score (ß [SE] = 90.3 [37.7], p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our findings indicate a relationship between coronary atherosclerotic burden measured by the CAC score and the severity of sleep apnea. Performing polysomnography could be useful for investigating the severity of hidden coronary artery disease among these patients.Brief summaryCurrent Knowledge/Study Rationale: The effect of sleep apnea on coronary artery disease in patients with ischemic stroke has not been explored. We investigated the relationship between sleep apnea, its related characteristics and the coronary artery calcium score in patients with stroke.Study Impact: Our findings reveal a close relationship between the atherosclerosis-related burden measured by the coronary artery calcium score and the severity of sleep apnea that persisted after adjusting for confounding variables related to the risk of coronary artery disease. Proper detection and treatment of sleep apnea might mitigate the risk of future coronary events in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Project description: Not available
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