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Peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease: clinical synergy to improve outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Persons with CKD are at a higher risk of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its adverse health outcomes than individuals in the general population who have normal renal function. Classic atherosclerosis risk factors (eg, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) are common in patients with CKD, but CKD also imposes additional unique risk factors that promote arterial disease (eg, chronic inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, and a procalcific state). Current nephrology clinical practice is adversely affected by PAD diagnostic challenges, the complexities of managing 2 serious comorbid diseases, delayed vascular specialist referral, and slow PAD treatment initiation in patients with CKD. Persons with CKD are less likely to be provided recommended "optimal" PAD care. The knowledge that both limb and mortality outcomes are significantly worse in patients with CKD, especially those on dialysis, is not just a biologic fact but can serve as a care delivery call to action. Nephrologists can facilitate positive change. This article proposes that patients with PAD and CKD be strategically comanaged by care teams that encompass the skills to create and use evidence-based care pathways. This proposed collaborative multidisciplinary approach will include vascular medicine specialists, nephrologists, wound specialists, and mid-level providers. Just as clinical care quality metrics have served as the base for ESRD and acute MI quality improvement, it is time that such quality outcomes metrics be initiated for the large PAD-CKD population. This new system will identify and resolve key gaps in the current care model so that clinical outcomes improve within a cost-effective care frame for this vulnerable population.

SUBMITTER: Garimella PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4254470 | biostudies-other | 2014 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease: clinical synergy to improve outcomes.

Garimella Pranav S PS Hirsch Alan T AT

Advances in chronic kidney disease 20141024 6

Persons with CKD are at a higher risk of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its adverse health outcomes than individuals in the general population who have normal renal function. Classic atherosclerosis risk factors (eg, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) are common in patients with CKD, but CKD also imposes additional unique risk factors that promote arterial disease (eg, chronic inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, and a procalcific state). Current nephrology clini ...[more]

PMID: 25443571

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Project description:ObjectiveWe have previously shown that peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with marked impairment of endothelial function (EF). Given that poor EF is associated with functional status of PAD patients as well as with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing vascular procedures, determination of factors associated with poor EF in a PAD cohort is important. We hypothesized that decreased kidney function is associated with impaired EF in patients with PAD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of PAD patients presenting to a vascular surgery outpatient clinic at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center including patients enrolled in the OMEGA-PAD I trial (NCT01310270) and the OMEGA-PAD Cohort. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation was performed to assess EF. Kidney function was characterized by estimated glomerular filtration rate with the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Linear regression was performed to assess the relationship between EF and kidney function in claudicants.ResultsNinety-seven patients with intermittent claudication participated in this study. Mean age was 69 ± 8 years, 97% were male, and 79% were white. Comorbidities included hypertension (91%), dyslipidemia (87%), coronary artery disease (42%), and diabetes mellitus (38%). Mean ankle-brachial index was 0.73 ± 0.14 and mean flow-mediated vasodilation was 7.0% ± 3.8%, indicating impaired EF. Linear regression showed an association between kidney function and EF (by 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2); β, 0.12; confidence interval, 0.05-0.20; P = .001). After multivariable regression adjusting for age, race, log tumor necrosis factor α, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate remained significantly associated with EF (P = .033).ConclusionsIn patients with PAD, decreased kidney function is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the impact of kidney function on PAD progression and the role of endothelial dysfunction in this process.

Project description:BackgroundWe investigated the predictive value of 11 serum biomarkers for renal and mortality end points in people with CKD.MethodsAdults with CKD (n=139) were enrolled from outpatient clinics between February 2014 and November 2016. Biomarker quantification was performed using two multiplex arrays on a clinical-grade analyzer. Relationships between biomarkers and renal and mortality end points were investigated by random forests and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe cohort was 56% male. The mean age was 63 years and median (IQR) CKD-EPI eGFR was 33 (24-51) ml/min per BSA. A total of 56 (40%) people developed a composite end point defined as ≥40% decline in eGFR, doubling of serum creatinine, RRT, or death over median (IQR) follow-up of 5.4 (4.7-5.7) years. Prediction of the composite end point was better with random forests trained on serum biomarkers compared with clinical variables (area under the curve of 0.81 versus 0.78). The predictive performance of biomarkers was further enhanced when considered alongside clinical variables (area under the curve of 0.83 versus 0.81 for biomarkers alone). Patients (n=27, 19%) with high soluble TNF receptor-1 (≥3 ng/ml) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (≥156 ng/ml), coupled with low complement 3a des-arginine (<2368 ng/ml), almost universally (96%) developed the composite renal and mortality end point. C-reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.1) and complement 3a desarginine (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.96) independently predicted time to the composite end point.ConclusionsOutpatients with the triad of high soluble TNF receptor-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin coupled with low complement 3a des-arginine had high adverse event rates over 5-year follow-up. Incorporation of serum biomarkers alongside clinical variables improved prediction of CKD progression and mortality. Our findings require confirmation in larger, more diverse patient cohorts.

Dataset Information

Peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease: clinical synergy to improve outcomes.

Publications

Peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease: clinical synergy to improve outcomes.

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