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Reduced graphene oxide anodes for potential application in algae biophotovoltaic platforms.

ABSTRACT: The search for renewable energy sources has become challenging in the current era, as conventional fuel sources are of finite origins. Recent research interest has focused on various biophotovoltaic (BPV) platforms utilizing algae, which are then used to harvest solar energy and generate electrical power. The majority of BPV platforms incorporate indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes for the purpose of charge transfer due to its inherent optical and electrical properties. However, other materials such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO) could provide higher efficiency due to their intrinsic electrical properties and biological compatibility. In this work, the performance of algae biofilms grown on RGO and ITO anodes were measured and discussed. Results indicate improved peak power of 0.1481 mWm(-2) using the RGO electrode and an increase in efficiency of 119%, illustrating the potential of RGO as an anode material for applications in biofilm derived devices and systems.

SUBMITTER: Ng FL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4273602 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Quasi-solid state rechargeable Na-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries with reduced graphene oxide Na anodes.

Project description:Na-CO2 batteries using earth-abundant Na and greenhouse gas CO2 are promising tools for mobile and stationary energy storage, but they still pose safety risks from leakage of liquid electrolyte and instability of the Na metal anode. These issues result in extremely harsh operating conditions of Na-CO2 batteries and increase the difficulty of scaling up this technology. We report the development of quasi-solid state Na-CO2 batteries with high safety using composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Na anodes. The CPE of PVDF-HFP [poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)]-4% SiO2/NaClO4-TEGDME (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether) has high ion conductivity (1.0 mS cm-1), robust toughness, a nonflammable matrix, and strong electrolyte-locking ability. In addition, the rGO-Na anode presents fast and nondendritic Na+ plating/stripping (5.7 to 16.5 mA cm-2). The improved kinetics and safety enable the constructed rGO-Na/CPE/CO2 batteries to successfully cycle in wide CO2 partial pressure window (5 to 100%, simulated car exhaust) and especially to run for 400 cycles at 500 mA g-1 with a fixed capacity of 1000 mA·hour g-1 in pure CO2. Furthermore, we scaled up the reversible capacity to 1.1 A·hour in pouch-type batteries (20 × 20 cm, 10 g, 232 Wh kg-1). This study makes quasi-solid state Na-CO2 batteries an attractive prospect.

| S-EPMC5287700 | biostudies-literature

Stable metal anodes enabled by a labile organic molecule bonded to a reduced graphene oxide aerogel.

Project description:Metallic anodes (lithium, sodium, and zinc) are attractive for rechargeable battery technologies but are plagued by an unfavorable metal-electrolyte interface that leads to nonuniform metal deposition and an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here we report the use of electrochemically labile molecules to regulate the electrochemical interface and guide even lithium deposition and a stable SEI. The molecule, benzenesulfonyl fluoride, was bonded to the surface of a reduced graphene oxide aerogel. During metal deposition, this labile molecule not only generates a metal-coordinating benzenesulfonate anion that guides homogeneous metal deposition but also contributes lithium fluoride to the SEI to improve Li surface passivation. Consequently, high-efficiency lithium deposition with a low nucleation overpotential was achieved at a high current density of 6.0 mA cm-2 A Li|LiCoO2 cell had a capacity retention of 85.3% after 400 cycles, and the cell also tolerated low-temperature (-10 °C) operation without additional capacity fading. This strategy was applied to sodium and zinc anodes as well.

| S-EPMC7720105 | biostudies-literature

Porous Amorphous Silicon Hollow Nanoboxes Coated with Reduced Graphene Oxide as Stable Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Project description:Amorphous silicon (a-Si), due to its satisfactory theoretical capacity, moderate discharge potential, and abundant reserves, is treated as one of the most prospective materials for the anode of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the slow Na+ diffusion kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and rupture-prone structures of a-Si restrict its further development. In this work, a composite (a-Si@rGO) consisting of porous amorphous silicon hollow nanoboxes (a-Si HNBs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is prepared. The a-Si HNBs are synthesized through "sodiothermic reduction" of silica hollow nanoboxes at a relatively low temperature, and the rGO is covered on the surface of the a-Si HNBs by electrostatic interaction. The as-synthesized composite anode applying in SIBs exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 681.6 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1, great stability over 2000 cycles at 800 mA g-1, and superior rate performance (261.2, 176.8, 130.3, 98.4, and 73.3 mAh g-1 at 100, 400, 800, 1500, and 3000 mA g-1, respectively). The excellent electrochemical properties are ascribed to synergistic action of the porous hollow nanostructure of a-Si and the rGO coating. This research not only offers an innovative synthetic means for the development of a-Si in various fields but also provides a practicable idea for the design of other alloy-type anodes.

| S-EPMC9434769 | biostudies-literature

Electrochemical Behavior of Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Germanium Oxide, Germanium Nitride, and Germanium Phosphide as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Obtained from Highly Soluble Germanium Oxide.

Project description:Germanium and germanium-based compounds are widely used in microelectronics, optics, solar cells, and sensors. Recently, germanium and its oxides, nitrides, and phosphides have been studied as active electrode materials in lithium- and sodium-ion battery anodes. Herein, the newly introduced highly soluble germanium oxide (HSGO) was used as a versatile precursor for germanium-based functional materials. In the first stage, a germanium-dioxide-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was obtained by complete precipitation of GeO2 nanoparticles on the GO from an aqueous solution of HSGO and subsequent thermal treatment in argon at low temperature. The composition of the composite, GeO2-rGO (20 to 80 wt.% of crystalline phase), was able to be accurately determined by the HSGO to GO ratio in the initial solution since complete deposition and precipitation were achieved. The chemical activity of germanium dioxide nanoparticles deposited on reduced graphene oxide was shown by conversion to rGO-supported germanium nitride and phosphide phases. The GeP-rGO and Ge3N4-rGO composites with different morphologies were prepared in this study for the first time. As a test case, composite materials with different loadings of GeO2, GeP, and Ge3N4 were evaluated as lithium-ion battery anodes. Reversible conversion-alloying was demonstrated in all cases, and for the low-germanium loading range (20 wt.%), almost theoretical charge capacity based on the germanium content was attained at 100 mA g-1 (i.e., 2595 vs. 2465 mAh g-1 for Ge3N4 and 1790 vs. 1850 mAh g-1 for GeP). The germanium oxide was less efficiently exploited due to its lower conversion reversibility.

| S-EPMC10095334 | biostudies-literature

Synthesis of diamine functionalised graphene oxide and its application in the fabrication of electrically conducting reduced graphene oxide/polymer nanocomposite films.

Project description:The focus of research in diamine functionalised graphene oxide (GO) has been limited to the use of diamines either as crosslinker or to achieve simultaneous functionalisation, reduction and stitching of GO sheets, especially in the case of ethylene diamine (EDA). Controlling the extent of stitching and functionalisation has to date remained a challenge. In particular, synthesis of colloidally stable monofunctionalised GO-NH2 with dangling amine groups using diamines has remained elusive. This has been the limiting factor towards the utility of EDA functionalised GO (GO-NH2) in the field of polymer-based nanocomposites. We have synthesised colloidally stable GO-NH2 with dangling amine groups and subsequently demonstrated its utility as a surfactant to synthesize colloidally stable waterborne polymer nanoparticles with innate affinity to undergo film formation at room temperature. Thermally annealed dropcast polymer/GO-NH2 nanocomposite films exhibited low surface roughness (∼1 μm) due to the homogeneous distribution of functionalised GO sheets within the polymer matrix as observed from confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The films exhibited considerable electrical conductivity (∼0.8 S m-1), demonstrating the potential of the GO-NH2/polymer nanocomposite for a wide range of applications.

| S-EPMC9418109 | biostudies-literature

Copper/reduced graphene oxide film modified electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing application.

Project description:Numerous studies suggest that modification with functional nanomaterials can enhance the electrode electrocatalytic activity, sensitivity, and selectivity of the electrochemical sensors. Here, a highly sensitive and cost-effective disposable non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on copper(II)/reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed carbon electrode is demonstrated. Facile fabrication of the developed sensing electrodes is carried out by the adsorption of copper(II) onto graphene oxide modified electrode, then following the electrochemical reduction. The proposed sensor illustrates good electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation with a wide linear detection range from 0.10 mM to 12.5 mM, low detection limit of 65 µM, and high sensitivity of 172 μA mM-1 cm-2 along with satisfactory anti-interference ability, reproducibility, stability, and the acceptable recoveries for the detection of glucose in a human serum sample (95.6-106.4%). The copper(II)/reduced graphene oxide based sensor with the superior performances is a great potential for the quantitation of glucose in real samples.

| S-EPMC8085015 | biostudies-literature

mRNA sequencing analysis on cardiofibroblasts exposed to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Nanomaterials

Project description:In order to evaluate the identification of genes and pathways, the global gene expression profiles were assessed in response to rGO on cardiofibroblasts (CFs) cells. We performed mRNA sequencing experiments using CFs cells exposed to rGO for 24h.

2021-07-14 | GSE179878 | GEO

mRNA microarray analysis on HepG2 cells exposed to Grpahene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Nanomaterials

Project description:In order to evaluate the identification of genes and pathways, the global gene expression profiles were assessed in response to GO and rGO on Human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. We performed whole genome DNA microarray experiments using HepG2 cells exposed to GO and rGO for 24h. We used whole genome microarrays to screen for global changed in HepG2 transcription profiles and with subsequent quantitative analysis conducted on selected genes. 24h GO and rGO exposed HepG2 cells were used for total RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.

2013-08-21 | E-GEOD-50039 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bacterial response to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide integrated in agar plates.

Project description:There are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the anti-bacterial activity of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This controversy is mostly due to variations in key parameters of the reported experiments, like: type of substrate, form of graphene, number of layers, type of solvent and most importantly, type of bacteria. Here, we present experimental data related to bacterial response to GO and rGO integrated in solid agar-based nutrient plates-a standard set-up for bacterial growth that is widely used by microbiologists. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used for testing bacterial growth. We observed that plate-integrated rGO showed strong anti-bacterial activity against both bacterial species. By contrast, plate-integrated GO was harmless to both bacteria. These results reinforce the notion that the response of bacteria depends critically on the type of graphene material used and can vary dramatically from one bacterial strain to another, depending on bacterial physiology.

| S-EPMC6281925 | biostudies-literature

Multifunctional Platforms Based on Graphene Oxide and Natural Products.

Project description:Background and objectives: In the last few years, graphene oxide has attracted much attention in biomedical applications due to its unique physico-chemical properties and can be used as a carrier for both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic biomolecules. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize graphene oxide and to obtain multifunctional platforms based on graphene oxide as a nanocarrier loaded with few biologically active substances with anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory properties such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, limonene and nutmeg and cembra pine essential oils. Materials and Methods: Graphene oxide was obtained according to the method developed by Hummers and further loaded with biologically active agents. The obtained platforms were characterized using FTIR, HPLC, TGA, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Results: Gallic acid released 80% within 10 days but all the other biologically active agents did not release because their affinity for the graphene oxide support was higher than that of the phosphate buffer solution. SEM characterization showed the formation of nanosheets and a slight increase in the degree of agglomeration of the particles. The ratio I2D/IG for all samples was between 0.18 for GO-cembra pine and 0.27 for GO-limonene, indicating that the GO materials were in the form of multilayers. The individual GO sheets were found to have less than 20 µm, the thickness of GO was estimated to be ~4 nm and an interlayer spacing of about 2.12 Å. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the bioactive substances were adsorbed on the surface and no degradation occurred during loading. Conclusions: These findings encourage this research to further explore, both in vitro and in vivo, the biological activities of bioactive agents for their use in medicine.

| S-EPMC6631192 | biostudies-other

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