Bronchiolitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants in Suzhou China between 2010 and 2012.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4297954 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumoniae)-associated bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) are not well known. We retrospectively reviewed 17 patients with M. pneumoniae-associated BO. All patients had M. pneumoniae-associated acute bronchiolitis prior to the development of BO. In the acute bronchiolitis stage, all patients had fever and cough; six patients also had wheezing and dyspnoea. BO was diagnosed approximately 1.5-8 months later based on clinical manifestations and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. All patients presented with wheezing and/or dyspnoea at the time of diagnosis of BO. HRCT findings included mosaic attenuation, pronounced air trapping, central bronchiectasis and emphysema, according to disease severity. Lung function tests revealed mild to severe airway obstruction. Fourteen of 17 patients had a greater than 12% increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second values after taking salbutamol. All patients had positive allergy test results and family or personal history of atopic disease. Four patients had a history of asthma before M. pneumonia bronchiolitis. Asthma was diagnosed before, at the time of or after the diagnosis of BO in 11 cases. M. pneumoniae-associated BO may therefore develop following M. pneumonia bronchiolitis and overlap with asthma.
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Project description:BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis and a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is defined as isolation of Sp from a normally sterile site, including blood or cerebrospinal fluid. The aim of this study is to describe outcomes as well as clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized IPD case patients in central China.MethodsWe conducted surveillance for IPD among children and adults from April 5, 2010 to September 30, 2012, in four major hospitals in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. We collected demographic, clinical, and outcome data for all enrolled hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or meningitis, and collected blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for laboratory testing for Sp infections. Collected data were entered into Epidata software and imported into SPSS for analysis.ResultsWe enrolled 22,375 patients, including 22,202 (99%) with SARI and 173 (1%) with meningitis. One hundred and eighteen (118, 3%) with either SARI or meningitis were Sp positive, 32 (0.8%) from blood/CSF culture, and 87 (5%) from urine antigen testing. Of those 118 patients, 57% were aged ≥65 years and nearly 100% received antibiotics during hospitalization. None were previously vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 7), 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, or seasonal influenza vaccine. The main serotypes identified were 14, 12, 3, 1, 19F, 4, 5, 9V, 15 and 18C, corresponding to serotype coverage rates of 42%, 63%, and 77% for PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13, respectively.ConclusionsFurther work is needed to expand access to pneumococcal vaccination in China, both among children and potentially among the elderly, and inappropriate use of antibiotics is a widespread and serious problem in China.
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Project description: Not available
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Project description:Antimicrobial drug resistance rates for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was determined in clinical specimens and isolates obtained during 2011-2012 in Ontario, Canada. Of 91 M. pneumoniae drug-resistant specimens, 11 (12.1%) carried nucleotide mutations associated with macrolide resistance in the 23S rRNA gene. None of the M. pneumoniae specimens were resistant to fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines.
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Project description:BackgroundChina has the third largest number of TB cases in the world, and the average annual floating population in China is more than 200 million, the increasing floating population across regions has a tremendous potential for spreading infectious diseases, however, the role of increasing massive floating population in tuberculosis transmission is yet unclear in China.Methods29,667 tuberculosis flow data were derived from the new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in China. Spatial variation of TB transmission was measured by geodetector q-statistic and spatial interaction model was used to model the tuberculosis flow and the regional socioeconomic factors.ResultsTuberculosis transmission flow presented spatial heterogeneity. The Pearl River Delta in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta along China's east coast presented as the largest destination and concentration areas of tuberculosis inflows. Socioeconomic factors were determinants of tuberculosis flow. Some impact factors showed different spatial associations with tuberculosis transmission flow. A 10% increase in per capita GDP was associated with 10.2% in 2010 or 2.1% in 2012 decrease in tuberculosis outflows from the provinces of origin, and 1.2% in 2010 or 0.5% increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations and 18.9% increase in intraprovincial flow in 2012. Per capita net income of rural households and per capita disposable income of urban households were positively associated with tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in per capita net income corresponded to 14.0% in 2010 or 3.6% in 2012 increase in outflows from the origin, 44.2% in 2010 or 12.8% increase in inflows to the destinations and 47.9% increase in intraprovincial flows in 2012. Tuberculosis incidence had positive impacts on tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in the number of tuberculosis cases corresponded to 2.2% in 2010 or 1.1% in 2012 increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations, 5.2% in 2010 or 2.0% in 2012 increase in outflows from the origins, 11.5% in 2010 or 2.2% in 2012 increase in intraprovincial flows.ConclusionsTuberculosis flows had clear spatial stratified heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation, regional socio-economic characteristics had diverse and statistically significant effects on tuberculosis flows in the origin and destination, and income factor played an important role among the determinants.
| S-EPMC11301846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in older children. Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary symptoms associated with M. pneumoniae infection are reported. M. pneumoniae is mainly epidemic in Denmark with the recurrence every 4-7th year.AimsRetrospectively, to describe the epidemiology and clinical features, in infants and children, during the M. pneumoniae epidemic in 2010 and 2011.MethodsAll children under the age of 16 that were tested for M. pneumoniae during the period 01.02.2010-31.01.2012 were included. Medical charts, as well as radiological findings, were reviewed for all children with M. pneumoniae. A post-hoc analysis of viral co-infections was done on part of the cohort.Results134 of 746 children were tested positive for M. pneumoniae by PCR or serology. Positive tests were found in 65% of children seven years and older, in 30% of 2-6-year-olds and 4% of infants (less than two years of age). Viral co-infection was found in 27% of the tested samples. The clinical presentation was a cough, asthma-like symptoms and low-grade fever. Extra-pulmonary symptoms were common and presented as nausea/vomiting by 33% of the children and skin manifestations by 25%. 84% of the children had a chest x-ray taken, and there were positive radiological findings in 94% of these.ConclusionM. pneumoniae also affected infants and young children and symptoms were similar to infections with respiratory viruses, but severe LRTI were also seen. During an up-coming epidemic, assessment of extra-pulmonary manifestations can be helpful when diagnosing M. pneumoniae infections.
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Project description:Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing community-acquired pneumoniae (CAP), which is generally treated with macrolides. In recent years, however, although macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has been reported frequently, particularly in China, very little is known about the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection in adults. In this study, we survey the macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae in adults in Zhejiang province and characterize the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide. Six hundred fifty throat swab samples were collected from adult patients with CAP from January 2012 to August 2014. These samples were assayed by nested PCR and then cultivated for M. pneumoniae. All isolates were sequenced to determine the mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. The activities of 10 antibiotics against macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates were also investigated in vitro. Moreover, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified P1 gene was used to type 50 resistant strains. One hundred percent (71/71) of M. pneumoniae strains isolated from adults with CAP were resistant to erythromycin (MIC=128 to >256 μg/ml), clarithromycin (MIC=128 to >256 μg/ml), and azithromycin (MIC=32 to >64 μg/ml). Furthermore, all macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains identified had an A2063G mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. Forty-six resistant strains (92.0%) were classified into type I strain on the basis of P1 gene PCR-RFLP analysis. According to these findings, it is suggested that macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection is very prevalence among adults in Zhejiang province. Thus, there is necessary to perform the epidemiological monitoring of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae in the future.
| S-EPMC4335877 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. There are limited data in the United States on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae We collected 446 M. pneumoniae-positive specimens from 9 states between August 2012 and October 2018. Culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, P1 subtyping, and multilocus VNTR (variable-number tandem repeats) analysis (MLVA) were performed to characterize the isolates. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMp) was detected in 37 (8.3%) specimens. P1 subtype 2 (P1-2) was the predominant P1 subtype (59.8%). P1 subtype distribution did not change significantly chronologically or geographically. The macrolide resistance rate in P1 subtype 1 (P1-1) samples was significantly higher than that in P1-2 (12.9% versus 5.5%). Six P1-2 variants were identified, including two novel types, and variant 2c was predominant (64.6%). P1-2 variants were distributed significantly differently among geographic regions. Classical P1-2 was more frequent in lower respiratory tract specimens and had longer p1 trinucleotide repeats. Classical P1-2 was most common in MRMp (35.7%), while variant 2c was most common in macrolide-susceptible M. pneumoniae (67.5%). Fifteen MLVA types were identified; 3-5-6-2 (41.7%), 4-5-7-2 (35.3%), and 3-6-6-2 (16.6%) were the major types, and four MLVA clusters were delineated. The distribution of MLVA types varied significantly over time and geographic location. The predominant MLVA type switched from 4-5-7-2 to 3-5-6-2 in 2015. MLVA type was associated with P1 subtypes and P1-2 variant types but not with macrolide resistance. To investigate the M. pneumoniae genotype shift and its impact on clinical presentations, additional surveillance programs targeting more diverse populations and prolonged sampling times are required.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children and adults. This study applied high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies to analyze the genomes of 30 M. pneumoniae strains isolated from children with pneumonia in South Korea during the two epidemics from 2010 to 2016 in comparison with a global collection of 48 M. pneumoniae strains which includes seven countries ranging from 1944 to 2017. RESULTS:The 30 Korean strains had approximately 40% GC content and ranged from 815,686 to 818,669 base pairs, coding for a total of 809 to 828 genes. Overall, BRIG revealed 99% to > 99% similarity among strains. The genomic similarity dropped to approximately 95% in the P1 type 2 strains when aligned to the reference M129 genome, which corresponded to the region of the p1 gene. MAUVE detected four subtype-specific insertions (three in P1 type 1 and one in P1 type 2), of which were all hypothetical proteins except one tRNA insertion in all P1 type 1 strains. The phylogenetic associations of 30 strains were generally consistent with the multilocus sequence typing results. The phylogenetic tree constructed with 78 genomes including 30 genomes from Korea formed two clusters and further divided into two sub-clusters. eBURST analysis revealed two clonal complexes according to P1 typing results showing higher diversity among P1 type 2 strains. CONCLUSIONS:The comparative whole genome approach was able to define high genetic identity, unique structural diversity, and phylogenetic associations among the 78 M. pneumoniae strains isolated worldwide.
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Project description:Two main articles have used this data. The small bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae with its annotated 689 protein-coding genes and 44 RNAs constitutes an ideal system for global and conditional transcription analysis in bacteria. We have combined spotted arrays under more than 120 conditions with several strand-specific, high resolution tiling arrays to obtain an unprecedented level of detail of bacterial gene expression. We have found 68 new non-annotated transcripts, of which the vast majority are potential regulatory RNAs, 53 of them in antisense to known genes. Integration of all data confirmed a dynamic and complex view of bacterial transcription: Under reference conditions in a rich medium, 138 polycistronic and 212 monocistronic transcripts could be identified, with almost half of the polycistronic operons showing a ‘staircase’-like expression pattern, i.e. the expression level within each gene is constant, but succeeding genes have lower expression. Furthermore, under different conditions, operons can divide into smaller transcriptional units, possibly by utilization of internal promoters resulting in many alternative transcripts. More complex bacteria show similar responses to external stresses, although M. pneumoniae lacks the respective transcription regulators, indicating the existence of yet uncharacterized common response mechanisms. This is supported by the concerted expression of genes, some of which with common upstream DNA motifs, form distinct operons under different conditions indicating additional factors regulating their expression. Frequent antisense transcripts, alternative transcripts and multiple regulators per gene thus cannot longer be seen as indicators of eukaryote-specific regulatory complexity. Keywords: Stress, genetic modification, time series, drug treatment
2009-12-11 | GSE14015 | GEO