Looking Maori predicts decreased rates of home ownership: institutional racism in housing based on perceived appearance.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Houkamau CA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4349451 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundAlthough the phenomenon of high turnover rate in the elderly care industry has existed for a long time, there are few studies that have constructed frameworks to comprehensively analyze the strength of the effects of various factors on the turnover intention of elderly care workers.. This study analyzed the impact of different types of perceived human resource management practices on elderly care workers' turnover intentions and whether this relationship is moderated by person-job fit and ownership of elderly care institutions.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional and regional survey study. The study included questionnaire survey data from a total of 305 elderly care workers from 42 elderly care institutions in 21 provinces in China during June to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and heterogeneity analyses were performed.ResultsPerceived work environment ( β =-0.5164, p< 0.01), perceived occupational protection ( β =-0.3390, p< 0.01), perceived welfare benefits ( β = -0.2620, p< 0.01) and perceived competency training ( β = -0.1421, p< 0.1) were all significantly and negatively related to turnover intentions, the quality of perceived work environment has the greatest impact on elderly care workers' turnover intentions. Under the moderating effects of person-job fit and ownership of elderly care institutions, there existed heterogeneity between perceived human resource management and turnover intentions among elderly care workers. High level of person-job fit and elderly care institutions' public feature can effectively weaken the negative impact of each type of perceived human resource management on turnover intention among elderly care workers.ConclusionsThe managers of elderly care institutions should optimize the management mechanism, typically pay attention to elderly care workers' working environment, formulate and improve the professional standards and job requirements for elderly care workers, promote the public welfare value of nursing care services, and strengthen the sense of honor and responsibility of elderly care workers to reduce the turnover rate.
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Project description:This paper examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI), self-esteem and self-reported confidence and capability in expressing oneself culturally as Māori (cultural efficacy) for 5,470 Māori who participated in Te Rangahau o Te Tuakiri Māori me Ngā Waiaro ā-Pūtea | The Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study (MIFAS) in 2017. Adjusting for demographics, self-reported health, education and socio-economic status, we found that a higher BMI was associated with lower body satisfaction and self-esteem. However, higher scores on cultural efficacy were associated with higher levels of body satisfaction and self-esteem for respondents. Furthermore, the negative association between BMI and both body satisfaction and self-esteem was weaker for those with higher cultural efficacy. This held for BMI scores of 25, 30, and 35+. While our data suggest higher cultural efficacy may directly or interactively shield Māori from developing lowered self-esteem typically associated with higher BMI in Western populations, further research, using more comprehensive measures of body satisfaction should explore the extent to which Māori may find the Western "thin ideal" personally desirable for their own bodies.
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Project description:Household-level information on central air conditioning (cenAC) and room air conditioning (rmAC) air conditioning and cold-weather thermal comfort are often missing from publicly available housing databases hindering research and action on climate adaptation and air pollution exposure reduction. We modeled these using information from the American Housing Survey for 2003-2013 and 140 US core-based statistical areas employing variables that would be present in publicly available parcel records. We present random-intercept logistic regression models with either cenAC, rmAC or "home was uncomfortably cold for 24 h or more" (tooCold) as outcome variables and housing value, rented vs. owned, age, and multi- vs. single-family, each interacted with cooling- or heating-degree days as predictors. The out-of-sample predicted probabilities for years 2015-2017 were compared with corresponding American Housing Survey values (0 or 1). Using a 0.5 probability threshold, the model had 63% specificity (true negative rate), and 91% sensitivity (true positive rate) for cenAC, while specificity and sensitivity for rmAC were 94% and 34%, respectively. Area-specific sensitivities and specificities varied widely. For tooCold, the overall sensitivity was effectively 0%. Future epidemiologic studies, heat vulnerability maps, and intervention screenings may reliably use these or similar AC models with parcel-level data to improve understanding of health risk and the spatial patterning of homes without AC.
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Project description:Guiding institutional investors to actively participate in corporate governance is a hot issue to improve the internal governance of China's listed companies. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism that underlies the governance effects of the heterogeneity of institutional investors on the cost of capital, and the influence of ownership structure on the relationship between them. Using an unbalanced panel data on A-share listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen in China's capital market during the 2014-2019 period, this study reveals how institutional investors with longer holding period and higher shareholding ratio are negatively associated with the cost of capital in China's capital market. Furthermore, this study successfully confirms the moderating effect of ownership structure in the relationship between institutional investors and the cost of capital. China's state-owned enterprises are more likely to introduce improvements at the corporate governance level, and ownership concentration weakens the negative influence of institutional investors on the cost of capital. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the impacts of institutional investor's heterogeneity and ownership structure on the cost of capital in China. In the process, the study yields useful implications for the theory and practice of corporate governance.
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Project description:BackgroundResearch suggests that insomnia is associated with elevated perceptions of loneliness and social disconnection; however, few quasi-experimental studies have tested the relationship between these constructs. This study examined whether insomnia symptom severity predicts changes in perceptions of interpersonal connectedness and desire for emotional support following in-laboratory participation in a social exclusion paradigm.MethodsYoung adults (N = 70) completed self-report measures assessing constructs of interest before and after engaging in a social exclusion paradigm (Cyberball). Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate whether baseline insomnia symptom severity predicted perceived burdensomeness, desire for emotional support, and thwarted belongingness after playing Cyberball; analyses controlled for baseline perceived burdensomeness, desire for emotional support, and thwarted belongingness, respectively, as well as baseline social anxiety and depression symptoms.ResultsGreater insomnia symptom severity significantly predicted greater feelings of perceived burdensomeness following Cyberball participation, beyond baseline perceived burdensomeness, social anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms (β= .24, p = .001). More severe insomnia symptoms also significantly predicted lower desire for emotional support after playing Cyberball, beyond baseline desire for emotional support and social anxiety symptoms (β= -.14, p = .03) but not beyond baseline depression symptoms (β= -.16, p = .07). Insomnia symptoms were not significantly associated with thwarted belongingness after Cyberball (β= -.05-.08, p = .27-.57).LimitationsReplication in larger samples and using other sleep disturbance indices is needed.ConclusionsFindings suggest that individuals with more severe insomnia symptoms in the past two weeks experience greater perceptions of being a burden on others and less desire for emotional support in response to social exclusion.
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Project description:Objectives: To qualitatively compare the influence of different ownership which is considered as a kind of institutional environment in public hospitals, private hospitals, and mixed-ownership hospitals on hospital governance structure and organizational behavior. Design: Qualitative descriptive study, using semi-structured, in-depth interviews and thematic template analysis, theoretically informed by critical realism. Participants: 27 key informants including national policymakers in charge of the health sector, influential researchers, local administrators responsible for implementing policies, and hospital managers who are experienced in institutional change. Results: Hospital ownership has a significant influence on hospitals in terms of decision-making power allocation, residual ownership allocation, market entry level, accountability, and social functions. These five aspects in hospital organizational structure incentivize hospitals to adapt to the internal and external environment of the hospital organization-such as market environment, governance, and financing arrangements-affect the behavior of the hospital organization, and ultimately affect the efficiency of hospital operation and quality of service. The incentives under the public system are relatively distorted. Private hospitals have poor performance in failing their social functions due to their insufficient development ability. Compared to them, mixed ownership hospitals have a better performance in terms of incentive mechanism and organizational development. Conclusion: Public hospitals should improve the governance environment and decision-making structure, so as to balance their implementation of social functions and achieve favorable organizational development. For private hospitals, in addition to the optimization of the policy environment, attempts should be made to strengthen their supervision. The development of mixed-ownership hospitals should be oriented towards socialized governance.
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Project description:PurposeWhile the association between income and depression is well established, less explored is the relation between wealth and depression, particularly among low-income adults. We studied the relation between two types of assets-savings and home ownership-and probable depression to understand how access to different assets may shape depression among low-income US adults.MethodsStudy sample We conducted a serial cross-sectional, observational study with 12,019 adults with low-income in the United States using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2016. Measures We measured probable major depressive disorder (MDD) with impairment using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Low savings was defined as having $5000 or less in family savings. Statistical analysis We estimated adjusted and unadjusted prevalence, odds ratios, and predicted probability of probable MDD across asset groups.ResultsOf low-income US adults, 5.4% had probable MDD with impairment, 85.9% had low savings, and 54.9% rented their home. Persons with low savings had 2.34 (95% CI 1.44-3.79) times the odds of having probable MDD relative to those with high savings. Home owners had 2.14 (95% CI 1.20-3.86) and home renters had 3.65 (95% CI 1.45-9.20) times the odds of having probable MDD if they had low savings relative to high savings.ConclusionFamily savings and home ownership are associated with lower burden of depression among low-income adults in the US.
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