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Psychomotor vigilance task performance during and following chronic sleep restriction in rats.

ABSTRACT: Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) impairs sustained attention in humans, as commonly assessed with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). To further investigate the mechanisms underlying performance deficits during CSR, we examined the effect of CSR on performance on a rat version of PVT (rPVT).Adult male rats were trained on a rPVT that required them to press a bar when they detected irregularly presented, brief light stimuli, and were then tested during CSR. CSR consisted of 100 or 148 h of continuous cycles of 3-h sleep deprivation (using slowly rotating wheels) alternating with a 1-h sleep opportunity (3/1 protocol).After 28 h of CSR, the latency of correct responses and the percentages of lapses and omissions increased, whereas the percentage of correct responses decreased. Over 52-148 h of CSR, all performance measures showed partial or nearly complete recovery, and were at baseline levels on the first or second day after CSR. There were large interindividual differences in the magnitude of performance impairment during CSR, suggesting differential vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss. Wheel-running controls showed no changes in performance.A 28-h period of the 3/1 chronic sleep restriction (CSR) protocol disrupted performance on a sustained attention task in rats, as sleep deprivation does in humans. Performance improved after longer periods of CSR, suggesting allostatic adaptation, contrary to some reports of progressive deterioration in psychomotor vigilance task performance during CSR in humans. However, as observed in humans, there were individual differences among rats in the vulnerability of their attention performance to CSR.

SUBMITTER: Deurveilher S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4355891 | biostudies-other | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Psychomotor vigilance task performance during and following chronic sleep restriction in rats.

Deurveilher Samuel S Bush Jacquelyn E JE Rusak Benjamin B Eskes Gail A GA Semba Kazue K

Sleep 20150401 4

<h4>Study objectives</h4>Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) impairs sustained attention in humans, as commonly assessed with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). To further investigate the mechanisms underlying performance deficits during CSR, we examined the effect of CSR on performance on a rat version of PVT (rPVT).<h4>Design</h4>Adult male rats were trained on a rPVT that required them to press a bar when they detected irregularly presented, brief light stimuli, and were then tested during CSR ...[more]

PMID: 25515100

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Project description:Sleep inertia, subjectively experienced as grogginess felt upon awakening, causes cognitive performance impairments that can require up to 1.5 hr to dissipate. It is unknown, however, how chronic sleep restriction (CSR) influences the magnitude and duration of sleep inertia-related performance deficits. Twenty-six healthy participants were enrolled in one of two in-laboratory sleep restriction protocols (one 32 day randomized control and one 38 day protocol) that separated the influence of sleep and circadian effects on performance using different "day"-lengths (20 and 42.85 hr day-lengths, respectively). The sleep opportunity per 24 hr day was the equivalent of 5.6 hr for each CSR condition and 8 hr for the Control condition. Participant's performance and subjective sleepiness were assessed within ~2 min after electroencephalogram-verified awakening and every 10 min thereafter for 70 min to evaluate performance and subjective sleepiness during sleep inertia. Performance within 2 min of awakening was ~10% worse in CSR conditions compared with Control and remained impaired across the dissipation of sleep inertia in the CSR conditions when compared with Control. These impairments in performance during sleep inertia occurred after only chronic exposure to sleep restriction and were even worse after awakenings during the biological nighttime. Interestingly, despite differences in objective performance, there were no significant differences between groups in subjective levels of sleepiness during sleep inertia. CSR worsens sleep inertia, especially for awakenings during the biological night. These findings are important for individuals needing to perform tasks quickly upon awakening, particularly those who obtain less than 6 hr of sleep on a nightly basis. The study "Sleep Duration Required to Restore Performance During Chronic Sleep Restriction" was registered as a clinical trial (#NCT01581125) at clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01581125?term=NCT01581125.&rank=1).

Project description:Purpose:Determinants of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are hypoxemia and hypercapnia, as well as (micro) arousals from sleep, resulting in chronic sleep fragmentation, sleep deprivation, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). All of the above-mentioned factors might contribute to psychomotor impairment seen in OSA patients. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the contribution of BMI, age, EDS assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and severity of OSA assessed with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to the reaction time on chronometric tests in OSA patients and controls. It is hypothesized that moderate and severe OSA have adverse effects on reaction time of perception to visual stimulus, of solving simple arithmetic operations, and of psychomotor limbs coordination assessed by chronometric psychodiagnostic test battery. Patients and Methods:This study was conducted on 206 male participants; 103 of them had moderate or severe OSA diagnosed by whole-night polysomnography/polygraphy. Control participants (N=103), matched to patients with OSA by age and BMI, had no reported OSA in their medical history, no increased risk for OSA, nor EDS. All participants were assessed with three chronometric psychodiagnostic tests, measuring the reaction time of perception to visual stimulus, of solving simple arithmetic operations, and of psychomotor limbs coordination. Results:Participants from the OSA group achieved impaired results compared to control participants in minimum single task solving time in speed of solving simple arithmetic operations (3±0.9 and 2.6±0.6, P<0.001), and in minimum solving time of a single task in complex psychomotor limbs coordination (0.69±0.2 and 0.61±0.1, P=0.007). Regression analysis revealed no significant contribution of daytime sleepiness to the results achieved in each of the tests. Conclusion:It is concluded that severe OSA impaired speed of perception, convergent, and operative thinking. Moreover, it is suggested that EDS did not contribute to poor psychomotor outcome in patients with OSA in this study, when age was controlled for.

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Psychomotor vigilance task performance during and following chronic sleep restriction in rats.

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Psychomotor vigilance task performance during and following chronic sleep restriction in rats.

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