Incidence, efficacy and safety of YAG laser goniopuncture following nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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SUBMITTER: Al Obeidan SA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4398810 | biostudies-other | 2015 Apr-Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundAeromonas hydrophila can cause a wide range of diseases and is mainly found in patients with underlying diseases. Globally the data on Aeromonas infections is limited, and no studies have been published about the situation in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of Aeromonas infections in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA retrospective study was performed at a tertiary university hospital with 1000 beds in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients 14 years and older with Aeromonas-positive cultures between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022 were included. Patient information was extracted from the electronic health records, including patient demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, source of infection, human immunodeficiency virus status, culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility, use of immunosuppressive medication, and 30-day mortality.ResultsIn total 24 patients were identified with Aeromonas hydrophila-positive cultures, 22 of which were males (91.7%), and most (75%) had hospital-acquired infections. The 30-day mortality was 20.8%. All Aeromonas cultures were susceptible to gentamicin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, while the majority were resistant to ceftazidime (83.3%) and meropenem (62.5%). The most common disease presentation was skin and soft tissue infection (33.3%), the most common clinical sign was fever (58.3%), and the most common symptom was abdominal pain (37.5%). Comorbidities were very common (median 3, range 1-7). Pitt bacteremia score (p < 0.001), Charlson weighted comorbidity index (p < 0.02), international normalized ratio (p < 0.005), and the number of comorbidity factors (p < 0.05) were all associated with 30-day mortality due to Aeromonas infection. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value (83.3%) of 30-day mortality (p < 0.05, Odds ratio 3.253, 95% confidence interval: 1.088-9.729).ConclusionsAeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen to consider in nosocomial infections. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value of 30-day mortality. The susceptibility pattern of this organism indicates that, in Saudi Arabia, when an Aeromonas infection is suspected, treatment with quinolone along with other broad-spectrum antibiotics should be started until the culture and susceptibility results are known.
| S-EPMC10563259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of YAG laser vitreolysis in treating symptomatic vitreous floaters of complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and non-PVD.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 51 eyes with symptomatic floaters were treated with YAG laser vitreolysis. Participants were divided into complete PVD and non-PVD groups. Objective visual quality measures including the Strehl ratio (SR), internal spherical aberration (SA), internal comatic aberration (CA), internal high-order aberration (HOA), area ratio of modulation transfer function (MTFa) and Vitreous Floaters Symptom Questionnaire (VFSQ-13) scores were used to compare the efficacy of YAG laser vitreolysis treatment between two groups.ResultsThe mean age of all patients was 56.80 ± 10.82 years old. In total, 36 of 51 (70.59%; 95% CI 58.10-83.10) patients reported their symptoms as significant or complete improvement after YAG laser vitreolysis treatment. Post-treatment MTFa, internal SA and internal HOA were significantly better compared to baseline (26.19 ± 14.73 vs. 29.19 ± 17.98, p = 0.013; 0.05 ± 0.05 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04, p = 0.031 and 0.23 ± 0.22 vs. 0.16 ± 0.07, p = 0.044; respectively) in all eyes. Twenty-nine of 51 (56.86%) eyes had floaters of non-PVD type. Significant or complete subjective improvements in the PVD group and non-PVD group were 72.73% and 68.97% (p = 0.344), respectively.ConclusionsImproved subjective and objective visual quality in participants with symptomatic floaters following YAG laser vitreolysis was found in both groups. The efficacy of YAG laser vitreolysis was comparable in floaters of complete PVD and non-PVD types.
| S-EPMC8770727 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Facial pores are visible openings of pilosebaceous follicles, and they are one of the major factors influencing facial skin appearance. This article aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of 1565-nm non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser (LPNY) in treating enlarged facial pores. All subjects were treated with NAFL on their left faces and LPNY on their right. Five treatments were administered at 2-week intervals, with one follow-up session 2 months after the final treatment. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by subjective (pore improvement and subject satisfaction ratings) assessments and objective (pore number) assessments. At each appointment, any side effects or complications were recorded to evaluate the safety of the two lasers. A total of 18 individuals participated in this study. At the 2-month follow-up, NAFL and LPNY sides had significant reduction in pores (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of pore reductions on either side (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pore improvement ratings and satisfaction ratings between the two sides (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). Both lasers showed minimal side effects. Both lasers effectively treated enlarged facial pores and were well tolerated. The side effects of the 1064-nm LPNY were less severe than those of the 1565-nm NAFL. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05360043.
| S-EPMC9525434 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo assess the incidence and associated signs and symptoms of patients with keratoconus in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia.Methods125 new keratoconus patients (51 male, 74 female; mean age 18.5 (SD 3.8) years; range 8--28 years) were recruited from referrals to the department of ophthalmology, Asir Central Hospital, over a 1 year period. Age, visual acuity, and keratometry were recorded along with clinical signs and symptoms.ResultsThe incidence of keratoconus in Asir Province is 20 cases per 100,000 population. Also, the disease severity is high, as indicated by an early mean age (17.7 (3.6) years) with advanced stage keratoconus. Visual acuity, with either spectacles or rigid contact lenses, was 6/12 or better in 98% of eyes measured. Just over half (56%) of patients had atopic ocular disease. 16% of patients had a positive family history of the disease and 16% had atopic dermatitis (eczema and/or vitiligo).ConclusionThe incidence and severity of keratoconus in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, is high with an early onset and more rapid progress to the severe disease stage at a young age. This might reflect the influence of genetic and/or environmental factor(s) in the aetiology of keratoconus.
| S-EPMC1772915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVitreous floaters are a common ocular condition that affects individuals of all ages. Although vitreous floaters are typically benign, they can significantly impair visual acuity and quality of life. Laser vitreolysis, which uses an Nd: YAG laser to vaporize collagenous vitreous opacities, is increasingly being used as a treatment option. However, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding its efficacy and the appropriate timing of its application. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early intervention with YAG laser vitreolysis in treating symptomatic vitreous floaters.MethodsThe present study is a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. A total of 70 participants with symptomatic floaters for 1 month were prospectively recruited. These participants will be randomly assigned to two groups, with 35 individuals in each group: the early treatment group and the delayed treatment group. Participants assigned to the early treatment group will undergo YAG laser vitreolysis immediately, followed by a sham laser treatment 3 months later. On the other hand, participants assigned to the delayed treatment group will receive a sham laser treatment and then undergo YAG laser vitreolysis 3 months later. The follow-up time points will be 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from randomization. Primary outcomes will be participants' self-reported improvement in visual disturbance on a scale of 1 to 10 and their scores on the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25). Secondary outcomes will be an objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment in reducing vitreous floaters through OCT and fundus photography and tracking any adverse events related to the eyes or overall health.DiscussionThis clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of YAG laser vitreolysis in treating symptomatic vitreous floaters and assess the safety of performing early intervention with YAG laser vitreolysis.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05800353 . Registered on 10 March 2023.
| S-EPMC10787457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is much variability in the measurement and monitoring of patient safety across healthcare organizations. With no recognized standardized approach, this study examines how the key components outlined in Vincent et al's Measuring and Monitoring Safety (MMS) framework can be utilized to critically appraise a healthcare safety surveillance system. The aim of this study is to use the MMS framework to evaluate the Saudi Arabian healthcare safety surveillance system for hospital care.MethodsThis qualitative study consisted of two distinct phases. The first phase used document analysis to review national-level guidance relevant to measuring and monitoring safety in Saudi Arabia. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders between May and August 2020 via a video conference call and focused on exploring their knowledge of how patient safety is measured and monitored in hospitals. The MMS framework was used to support data analysis.ResultsThree documents were included for analysis and 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders working in the Saudi Arabian healthcare system. A total of 39 unique methods of MMS were identified, with one method of MMS addressing two dimensions. Of these MMS methods: 10 (25 %) were concerned with past harm; 14 (35 %) were concerned with the reliability of safety critical processes, 3 (7.5 %) were concerned with sensitivity to operations, 2 (5 %) were concerned with anticipation and preparedness, and 11 (27.5 %) were concerned with integration and learning.ConclusionsThe document analysis and interviews show an extensive system of MMS is in place in Saudi Arabian hospitals. The assessment of MMS offers a useful framework to help healthcare organizations and researchers to think critically about MMS, and how the data from different methods of MMS can be integrated in individual countries or health systems.
| S-EPMC8588732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionWaterpipe smoking has gained global popularity among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested, validated, and self-administered questionnaire to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students aged >18 years in the Qassim region.ResultsOf the 1158 questionnaires distributed, 928 were returned with complete responses. Of these 928 participants, 820 were men (88.7%) and the majority were unmarried (95.6%). The risk of waterpipe smoking was significantly higher in students aged >26 years (OR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.30- 8.80), those who had a brother who smoked (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.13-2.79), and those who were married (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.36-7.59). Furthermore, participants who had smoked cigarettes (OR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.89-5.34) or other tobacco products (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 3.69-11.07) within the past 30 days, and students who believed that waterpipe smoking was less harmful than cigarette smoking (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.54-4.41) had a higher risk of engaging in waterpipe smoking. However, the risk was lower among students receiving a monthly financial aid of more than US$264 (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.89).ConclusionsThis study revealed that higher age, being male, being married, low student financial aid, waterpipe smoker sibling, cigarette and other types of tobacco smoking in the past 30 days, and believing waterpipe smoking to be less harmful than cigarette smoking, were significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Educational programs targeted at improving awareness of the adverse effects of waterpipe smoking should be considered for early prevention in young adults.
| S-EPMC8404266 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen associated with high mortality, particularly among the critically ill and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and demographic and clinical characteristics of VRE among patients admitted to a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A study was conducted during the period from September 2014 to November 2015 at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, including in-patients with VRE infection. Data were collected using laboratory results and the medical records of admitted patients and were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 statistical software.In a one-year period, 231 enterococci were isolated from blood, urine, exudates, sputum, stool, and body fluid. There were 191 (82.7%) vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE) and 40 (17.3%) isolates were VRE. The Enterococcus species included E. faecalis 168 (72.7%), E. faecium, 53 (22.8%) E. gallinarum 5 (2.2%), and E. avium 5 (2.2%). VRE were more significant from blood specimens (P< 0.0001) while VSE were significantly more predominant from urine specimens (P< 0.0001). VRE were more commonly isolated from patients in ICUs and oncology unit (P = 0.0151 and P< 0.001, respectively) while VSE were more predominant in the medical and surgical areas (P = 0.0178 and P = 0.0178, respectively).This study highlights the high prevalence of VRE in the hospital and the association of enterococcal infections with high-risk areas and oncology units, which warrant more studies looking for better management of these infections.
| S-EPMC5308018 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the pattern of childhood dermatoses in Eastern province of Saudi Arabia (SA), in the setting of a university-affiliated hospital, and to compare this with other similar surveys conducted in SA.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of pediatric patients attending the outpatient dermatology clinic and dermatology emergency room at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SA, over a period of 24 months from January 2004 to January 2006. All new pediatric patients less than 13 years of age were included. The patient's age, sex, nationality and diagnosis were extracted from the medical records and analyzed. Then our data were compared with previous hospital based surveys conducted in SA.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 11365 new patients were seen, including 383 pediatric patients. Pediatric consultations represent 3.4% of all dermatology consultation. The three leading causes for consultation were dermatitis and eczema (30.3%), followed by viral infections (12.5%), and pigmentary disorders (8.9%). Among dermatitis, atopic dermatitis was the most predominant condition (50%). Among viral infections, viral wart was the most frequent (70.8%). Comparing our data with a previous hospital survey conducted in the same region showed similar pattern with minor differences. Comparing our findings with other reports from Najran (Southern SA) and Al-Jouf (Northern SA) showed that dermatitis was the most frequent group of diseases in the three regions. It was followed by viral infections in Al-Khobar and Najran, and pyodermas in Al-Jouf. The third most frequent groups were pigmentary disorders in Al-Khobar and Najran, and viral infections in Al-Jouf.ConclusionThe majority of childhood dermatoses in various regions of SA may be grouped into relatively few diagnostic categories including eczema, infections, and pigmentary disorders.
| S-EPMC3068736 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHealth care is a basic human right, and Saudi Arabia affirms these rights for all its citizens.ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge of medical students regarding health rights in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) from September 2015 through November 2015. A questionnaire written in English collected demographic data and included questions about reproductive health care and health rights of women and patients with cancer, senility, or special needs.ResultsOf the 267 participants, 184 (68.9%) were female, and 252 (94.4%) were Saudi. Regarding consent, 87 (32.6%) and 113 (42.3%) participants believed a female patient required the consent of a male guardian to receive medical treatment or surgery, respectively, in Saudi Arabia, and only 106 (39.7%) knew that a female patient could provide consent for a caesarean section. Sixty-six (24.7%) believed that abortion is never allowed in Islam. Only 93 (34.8%) were aware that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients had health rights, about half (144, 53.9%) knew that cancer patients have a right to full information, and most (181, 67.8%) believed that a patient had the right to withhold health information from his/her family. Approximately half were aware that cancer patients have the right to free medical treatment (138, 51.7%) or that health rights applied to special needs patients (137, 51.3%) and senile patients (122, 45.7%).ConclusionsThe knowledge of KAU medical students regarding health rights of certain patient populations highlights the importance of health rights education in medical school.
| S-EPMC5411029 | biostudies-literature