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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors.


ABSTRACT: Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.

SUBMITTER: Fall T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4407863 | biostudies-other | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors.

Fall Tove T   Hägg Sara S   Ploner Alexander A   Mägi Reedik R   Fischer Krista K   Draisma Harmen H M HH   Sarin Antti-Pekka AP   Benyamin Beben B   Ladenvall Claes C   Åkerlund Mikael M   Kals Mart M   Esko Tõnu T   Nelson Christopher P CP   Kaakinen Marika M   Huikari Ville V   Mangino Massimo M   Meirhaeghe Aline A   Kristiansson Kati K   Nuotio Marja-Liisa ML   Kobl Michael M   Grallert Harald H   Dehghan Abbas A   Kuningas Maris M   de Vries Paul S PS   de Bruijn Renée F A G RF   Willems Sara M SM   Heikkilä Kauko K   Silventoinen Karri K   Pietiläinen Kirsi H KH   Legry Vanessa V   Giedraitis Vilmantas V   Goumidi Louisa L   Syvänen Ann-Christine AC   Strauch Konstantin K   Koenig Wolfgang W   Lichtner Peter P   Herder Christian C   Palotie Aarno A   Menni Cristina C   Uitterlinden André G AG   Kuulasmaa Kari K   Havulinna Aki S AS   Moreno Luis A LA   Gonzalez-Gross Marcela M   Evans Alun A   Tregouet David-Alexandre DA   Yarnell John W G JW   Virtamo Jarmo J   Ferrières Jean J   Veronesi Giovanni G   Perola Markus M   Arveiler Dominique D   Brambilla Paolo P   Lind Lars L   Kaprio Jaakko J   Hofman Albert A   Stricker Bruno H BH   van Duijn Cornelia M CM   Ikram M Arfan MA   Franco Oscar H OH   Cottel Dominique D   Dallongeville Jean J   Hall Alistair S AS   Jula Antti A   Tobin Martin D MD   Penninx Brenda W BW   Peters Annette A   Gieger Christian C   Samani Nilesh J NJ   Montgomery Grant W GW   Whitfield John B JB   Martin Nicholas G NG   Groop Leif L   Spector Tim D TD   Magnusson Patrik K PK   Amouyel Philippe P   Boomsma Dorret I DI   Nilsson Peter M PM   Järvelin Marjo-Riitta MR   Lyssenko Valeriya V   Metspalu Andres A   Strachan David P DP   Salomaa Veikko V   Ripatti Samuli S   Pedersen Nancy L NL   Prokopenko Inga I   McCarthy Mark I MI   Ingelsson Erik E  

Diabetes 20150223 5


Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liv  ...[more]

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