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Novel pharmacotherapies in diabetic retinopathy.

ABSTRACT: This is a summary of current and emerging pharmacologic therapies utilized in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current therapies, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide, inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation and may be used alone or in combination with laser treatment. Emerging therapies aim to reduce oxidative stress or inhibit other signal transduction pathways, including the protein kinase C cascade and aldose reductase pathway. Future therapies may target other molecules crucial to the pathogenesis of DR, including hepatocyte growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Finally, the emergence of novel mechanisms of medication delivery may also be on the horizon.

SUBMITTER: Dedania VS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4411612 | biostudies-other | 2015 Apr-Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Novel pharmacotherapies in diabetic retinopathy.

Dedania Vaidehi S VS Bakri Sophie J SJ

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology 20150401 2

This is a summary of current and emerging pharmacologic therapies utilized in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current therapies, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide, inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation and may be used alone or in combination with laser treatment. Emerging therapies aim to reduce oxidative stress or inhibit other signal transduction pathways, including the protein kinase C cascade and aldose reductase pathway. Future ...[more]

PMID: 25949073

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Project description:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for ~80% of legal blindness in persons aged 20-74 years and is associated with enormous social and health burdens. Current therapies are invasive, non-curative, and in-effective in 15-25% of DR patients. This review outlines the potential utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers and potential therapy for diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are small noncoding forms of RNA that may play a role in the pathogenesis of DR by altering the level of expression of genes via single nucleotide polymorphism and regulatory loops. A majority of miRNAs are intracellular and specific intracellular microRNAs have been associated with cellular changes associated with DR. Some microRNAs are extracellular and called circulatory microRNAs. Circulatory miRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in serum and bodily fluid in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without retinopathy. Some miRNAs have been associated with the severity of DR, and future studies may reveal whether circulatory miRNAs could serve as novel reliable biomarkers to detect or predict retinopathy progression. Therapeutic strategies can be developed utilizing the natural miRNA/long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulatory loops. miRNAs and lncRNAs are two major families of the non-protein-coding transcripts. They are regulatory molecules for fundamental cellular processes via a variety of mechanisms, and their expression and function are tightly regulated. The recent evidence indicates a cross-talk between miRNAs and lncRNAs. Therefore, dysregulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs is critical to human disease pathogenesis, such as diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are long-distance communicators and reprogramming agents, and they embody an entirely novel paradigm in cellular and tissue signaling and interaction. By targeting specific miRNAs, whole pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DR may potentially be altered. Understanding the endogenous roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to managing this frequently blinding retinal condition.

Dataset Information

Novel pharmacotherapies in diabetic retinopathy.

Publications

Novel pharmacotherapies in diabetic retinopathy.

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