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Characterization of the inflammatory response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

ABSTRACT: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation causes increased airway and systemic inflammation. We investigated LPS inhalation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a model of bacterial exacerbations. We studied safety, changes in sputum and systemic biomarkers. We have also investigated interleukin (IL)-17 concentrations in this model.Twelve COPD patients inhaled 5 ?g LPS. Safety was monitored over 24 h. Sputum was induced at baseline, 6 and 24 h for cells and IL-8, IL-17, neutrophil elastase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1? (MIP-1?) in supernatants. Serum was collected at baseline, 4, 8 and 24 h for IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Clara cell protein (CC-16) concentrations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated at baseline and 4 h for systemic IL-17 analysis.LPS 5 ?g was well tolerated. The greatest FEV1 change was 11.7% (mean) at 1 h (95% CI 5.1-18.2%). There was a large range in maximal fall (2.5-37.7%). Total sputum cell count and neutrophil count significantly increased 6 and 24 h post-LPS. There was no change in sputum supernatant mediators. IL-6, CRP and CC-16 increased post-inhalation, with different temporal patterns. CD4+ and CD8+ cell associated IL-17 significantly increased at 4 h.Inhaled LPS in COPD patients safely causes increased airway and systemic inflammation. This may be a model for studying COPD exacerbations.

SUBMITTER: Gupta V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4415713 | biostudies-other | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Characterization of the inflammatory response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Gupta Vandana V Banyard Antonia A Mullan Aoibheann A Sriskantharajah Srividya S Southworth Thomas T Singh Dave D

British journal of clinical pharmacology 20150501 5

<h4>Aims</h4>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation causes increased airway and systemic inflammation. We investigated LPS inhalation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a model of bacterial exacerbations. We studied safety, changes in sputum and systemic biomarkers. We have also investigated interleukin (IL)-17 concentrations in this model.<h4>Methods</h4>Twelve COPD patients inhaled 5 μg LPS. Safety was monitored over 24 h. Sputum was induced at baseline, 6 and 24 h f ...[more]

PMID: 25377849

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Oral taxa are often found in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung microbiota, but it is not clear if this is due to a physiologic process such as aspiration or experimental contamination at the time of specimen collection. METHODS:Microbiota samples were obtained from nine subjects with mild or moderate COPD by swabbing lung tissue and upper airway sites during lung lobectomy. Lung specimens were not contaminated with upper airway taxa since they were obtained surgically. The microbiota were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene qPCR and 16S rRNA gene hypervariable region 3 (V3) sequencing. Data analyses were performed using QIIME, SourceTracker, and R. RESULTS:Streptococcus was the most common genus in the oral, bronchial, and lung tissue samples, and multiple other taxa were present in both the upper and lower airways. Each subject's own bronchial and lung tissue microbiota were more similar to each other than were the bronchial and lung tissue microbiota of two different subjects (permutation test, p?=?0.0139), indicating more within-subject similarity than between-subject similarity at these two lung sites. Principal coordinate analysis of all subject samples revealed clustering by anatomic sampling site (PERMANOVA, p?=?0.001), but not by subject. SourceTracker analysis found that the sources of the lung tissue microbiota were 21.1% (mean) oral microbiota, 8.7% nasal microbiota, and 70.1% unknown. An analysis using the neutral theory of community ecology revealed that the lung tissue microbiota closely reflects the bronchial, oral, and nasal microbiota (immigration parameter estimates 0.69, 0.62, and 0.74, respectively), with some evidence of ecologic drift occurring in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the mild-moderate COPD lung tissue microbiota without potential for upper airway contamination of the lung samples. In our small study of subjects with COPD, we found oral and nasal bacteria in the lung tissue microbiota, confirming that aspiration is a source of the COPD lung microbiota.

Dataset Information

Characterization of the inflammatory response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Publications

Characterization of the inflammatory response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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