Effects of Organized Physical Activity on Selected Health Indices among Women Older than 55 Years.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zmijewski P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4461793 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The combined effects of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) on physical functioning (PF) may be stronger than for each factor separately. This study examined associations between ST, PA, and PF over 6 years in older women. Data were from 6,611 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (mean age 78 ± 1.5 years). Activity pattern at baseline (2002) was categorized as one of 12 combinations of ST (<4, 4-7, or ≥8 h/day) and PA (<40, 40-450, 450-900, or ≥900 MET min/week). PF was measured using the SF-36 (range 0-100) in 2002, 2005, and 2008. General estimating equations for linear regression were used with adjustment for confounders. Baseline PF ranged from 40 to 74 in the least to the most active groups. PF was 6.3 (95 % confidence interval [CI] -7.6 to -5.0) points lower in participants sitting ≥8 h/day than in participants sitting <4 h/day, and 16.9 (CI 15.7-18.0) points higher in participants reporting ≥900 MET min/week than in participants reporting <40 MET min/week PA. Compared with the least active pattern, those in the most active pattern scored 24.5 (CI 22.5-26.4) points higher. The decline over 6 years was greater in the more active categories: 5 and 16 points in the least and most active categories. In conclusion, in women, both high physical activity and low sitting time are important for establishing a certain level of PF prior to age 76-81, but do not protect against decline in PF over time later in life. The combined effect of ST and PA did not differ from their individual effects on PF.
| S-EPMC5549197 | biostudies-other
Project description:Limited evidence exists to inform physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior guidelines for older people, especially women. Rigorous evidence on the amounts, intensities, and movement patterns associated with better health in later life is needed.The Objective PA and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study is an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Program that examines associations of accelerometer-assessed PA and sedentary behavior with cardiovascular and fall events. Between 2012 and 2014, 7048 women aged 63-99 were provided with an ActiGraph GT3X+ (Pensacola, Florida) triaxial accelerometer, a sleep log, and an OPACH PA Questionnaire; 6489 have accelerometer data. Most women were in their 70s (40%) or 80s (46%), while approximately 10% were in their 60s and 4% were age 90 years or older. Non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic/Latina women comprise half of the cohort. Follow-up includes 1-year of falls surveillance with monthly calendars and telephone interviews of fallers, and annual follow-up for outcomes with adjudication of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events through 2020. Over 63,600 months of calendar pages were returned by 5,776 women, who reported 5,980 falls. Telephone interviews were completed for 1,492 women to ascertain the circumstances, injuries and medical care associated with falling. The dataset contains extensive information on phenotypes related to healthy aging, including inflammatory and CVD biomarkers, breast and colon cancer, hip and other fractures, diabetes, and physical disability.This paper describes the study design, methods, and baseline data for a diverse cohort of postmenopausal women who wore accelerometers under free-living conditions as part of the OPACH Study. By using accelerometers to collect more precise and complete data on PA and sedentary behavior in a large cohort of older women, this study will contribute crucial new evidence about how much, how vigorous, and what patterns of PA are necessary to maintain optimal cardiovascular health and to avoid falls in later life.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00000611 . Registered 27 October 1999.
| S-EPMC5307783 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesModifiable physical activity (PA) plays an important role in dyslipidaemia risk in middle-aged women with sleep problems, especially perimenopausal women. We aimed to explore the joint effects of sleep and PA on the risk of dyslipidaemia in women aged 45-55 years, and the extent to which PA moderated the effect of sleep on the risk of dyslipidaemia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was based on the survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring in Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015.Participants721 women aged 45-55 years were included.Outcome measurementPA was measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sleep was measured by questionnaire formulated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the joint effects of sleep and PA on dyslipidaemia risk. OR and 95% CI were reported.ResultsAmong all participants, 60.6% had sleep problems, 29.0% had low PA and 41.1% had dyslipidaemia. Women with sleep problems had higher dyslipidaemia risk than women without sleep problems, irrespective of low, moderate or high PA, with OR (95% CI) of 4.24 (2.40 to 7.49), 3.14 (1.80 to 5.49) and 2.04 (1.20 to 3.48), respectively. PA could not completely attenuate the negative association between sleep and dyslipidaemia risk. With PA increased from low to high, the OR of dyslipidaemia decreased by 2.20. Women with sleep problems and low PA had higher risks of high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than women without sleep problems and high PA, with OR (95% CI) of 2.51 (1.18 to 5.35), 2.42 (1.23 to 4.74), 2.88 (1.44 to 5.74) and 2.52 (1.12 to 5.70), respectively.ConclusionsAmong women aged 45-55 years, the joint effects of self-reported sleep and PA on dyslipidaemia risk were more marked for sleep than for PA. Modifiable PA is a widely accessible and effective intervention to reduce the dyslipidaemia risk in women with sleep problems, particularly among perimenopausal women.
| S-EPMC8744097 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Health assessments have potential to improve health of older people. This study compares long-term health care utilisation, physical functioning, and mortality for women aged 75 years or over who have had a health assessment and those who have not. Prospective data on health service use, physical functioning, and deaths among a large cohort of women born 1921-26 were analysed. Propensity score matching was used to produce comparable groups of women according to whether they had a health assessment or not. The study population included 6128 (67.3%) women who had an assessment, and 2971 (32.7%) women who had no assessment. Propensity matching produced 2101 pairs. Women who had an assessment had more use of other health services, longer survival, and were more likely to survive with high physical functioning compared to women with no assessment. Among women who had good baseline physcial functioning scores, women who had an assessment had significantly lower odds of poor outcomes at 1000 days follow-up compared to women who had no assessment (OR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.85). This large observational study shows the real-world potential for assessments to improve health outcomes for older women. However, they also increased health service use. This increased healthcare is likely to be an important mechanism in improving the women's health outcomes.
| S-EPMC8018643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe oldest old are the fastest growing segment of the elderly population. Little is known regarding the associations of fracture history with physical functioning assessed after age 80.MethodsAmong 33,386 women surviving to age 80 years (mean ± SD years 84.6 ± 3.4), we examined the relationship between history of incident fracture after entry into the Women's Health Initiative (follow-up 15.2 ± 1.3 years) and their physical functioning assessed using the RAND-36 instrument most proximal to 2012 end of follow-up.ResultsBaseline mean (±SD) physical function score was 82 (± 18). After adjustment for demographic and medical characteristics, fracture at each site, including hip, upper limb, lower limb, and central body, was associated with significantly lower subsequent physical functioning (all p < .001). Hip, upper leg, spine, and pelvis fractures were particularly related with lower physical functioning scores, 11.7 (95% CI: 10.3, 13.1), 10.5 (8.8, 12.3), 9.8 (8.9, 10.8), and 8.7 (7.2, 10.2) units lower, respectively, compared with women without fracture (each p < .0001). Compared with women without central site fracture, women with central site fractures also had lower physical functioning scores (10.0 [9.3, 10.8] units lower]; p < .0001). In case-only analysis of fractures, older age, less than 1 year since fracture, one or more additional sites fractured, history of cardiovascular disease or cancer, higher body mass index, and no alcohol intake in the past 3 months also were independent predictors of lower physical functioning score (all p < .05).ConclusionsAmong women surviving to 80 years and older, prior fracture is associated with lower current physical functioning, regardless of anatomical site of fracture, independent of other major predictors of disability.
| S-EPMC4861138 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:We examined associations of sedentary time and sedentary accumulation patterns (ie, how sedentary time is accumulated) with prevalent diabetes in an ethnically diverse cohort of older women. METHODS:Community-dwelling women aged 63-99 (n = 6,116; median age = 79) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers 24 h/day for up to 7 days from which we derived average daily sedentary time and three measures of sedentary accumulation patterns: breaks in sedentary time, usual sedentary bout duration, and alpha. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalent diabetes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS:Twenty-one percent (n = 1,282) of participants had diabetes. Women in the highest quartile of sedentary time (≥10.3 h/day) had higher odds of diabetes (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.77-2.70) than women in the lowest quartile (≤8.3 h/day). Prolonged accumulation patterns (ie, accumulating sedentary time in longer sedentary bouts) was associated with higher odds of diabetes than regularly interrupted patterns (comparing quartiles with the most vs least prolonged patterns: usual bout duration OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.28-1.92; alpha OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.32-1.97); however, there was no significant association for breaks in sedentary time (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.82-1.20). CONCLUSIONS:High levels of sedentary time and accumulating it in prolonged patterns were associated with increased odds of diabetes among older women.
| S-EPMC6376101 | biostudies-other
Project description:Older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are at high risk of sarcopenia. Protein-rich nutritional composition supplementation (PS) combined with resistance exercise training (RET) improves muscle gains and facilitates physical activity in older adults. However, whether PS augments the effects of RET on muscle mass and PA in patients with KOA remains unclear. Therefore, this study identified the effects of PS on sarcopenic indices and PA in older women with KOA subjected to an RET program. Eligible older women aged 60-85 years and diagnosed as having KOA were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). Both groups performed RET twice a week for 12 weeks. The EG received additional PS during this period. Outcome measures included appendicular lean mass index, walking speed, physical activity, and scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index-WOMAC). All measures were tested at baseline and after intervention. With participant characteristics and baseline scores as covariates, analysis of variance was performed to identify between-group differences in changes in all outcome measures after intervention. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Compared with the CG, the EG achieved greater changes in appendicular lean mass index (adjusted mean difference (aMD) = 0.19 kg/m2, p < 0.01), physical activity (aMD = 30.0 MET-hour/week, p < 0.001), walking speed (aMD = 0.09 m/s, p < 0.05), and WOMAC global function (aMD = -8.21, p < 0.001) after intervention. In conclusion, PS exerted augmentative effects on sarcopenic indices, physical activity, and perceived global WOMAC score in older women with KOA through 12 weeks of RET.
| S-EPMC8399515 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvidence that higher sedentary time is associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is based mainly on self-reported measures. Few studies have examined whether patterns of sedentary time are associated with higher risk for CVD.MethodsWomen from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study (n=5638, aged 63-97, mean age=79±7) with no history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke wore accelerometers for 4-to-7 days and were followed for up to 4.9 years for CVD events. Average daily sedentary time and mean sedentary bout duration were the exposures of interest. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CVD using models adjusted for covariates and subsequently adjusted for potential mediators (body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and CVD-risk biomarkers [fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure]). Restricted cubic spline regression characterized dose-response relationships.ResultsThere were 545 CVD events during 19,350 person-years. Adjusting for covariates, women in the highest (≥ ~11 hr/day) vs. the lowest (≤ ~9 hr/day) quartile of sedentary time had higher risk for CVD (HR=1.62; CI=1.21-2.17; p-trend <0.001). Further adjustment for potential mediators attenuated but did not eliminate significance of these associations (p-trend<.05, each). Longer vs. shorter mean bout duration was associated with higher risks for CVD (HR=1.54; CI=1.27-2.02; p-trend=0.003) after adjustment for covariates. Additional adjustment for CVD-risk biomarkers attenuated associations resulting in a quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 HR=1.36; CI=1.01-1.83; p-trend=0.10). Dose-response associations of sedentary time and bout duration with CVD were linear (P-nonlinear >0.05, each). Women jointly classified as having high sedentary time and long bout durations had significantly higher risk for CVD (HR=1.34; CI=1.08-1.65) than women with both low sedentary time and short bout duration. All analyses were repeated for incident coronary heart disease (MI or CVD death) and associations were similar with notably stronger hazard ratios.ConclusionsBoth high sedentary time and long mean bout durations were associated in a dose-response manner with increased CVD risk in older women, suggesting that efforts to reduce CVD burden may benefit from addressing either or both component(s) of sedentary behavior.
| S-EPMC6481298 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a purported marker of cellular aging, is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, the association of physical activity, a modifiable lifestyle behavior, with LTL has not been adequately studied among older adults.In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations of various intensity levels of leisure-time physical activity with LTL among 1476 older white and African American women from the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health study. Self-reported physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, and LTL was measured by Southern blot. The association between physical activity and LTL was evaluated using multiple linear regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and health-related variables.Women were on average aged 79.2 (standard deviation 6.7) years old. In the final model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, a history of chronic diseases, and hormone therapy use, LTL was on average 110 (95% confidence interval, 20-190) base pairs longer among women in the highest (?17.00MET-hours/week) compared with the lowest (<1.25MET-hours/week) level of total leisure-time physical activity (P for trend=0.02). Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (P for trend=0.04) and faster walking speed (P for trend=0.03) were also associated with longer LTL in the fully-adjusted models.Older women participating in greater amounts of total leisure-time physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had longer LTL.
| S-EPMC5530759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Older adults have low rates meeting the physical activity (PA) guidelines and high sedentary time. Low PA and excessive sedentary time have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Less is known about whether exercise training influences sedentary time and PA in various intensities.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effects of a 16-wk aerobic exercise training on time spent being sedentary and on light-intensity PA (LPA) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and step numbers in older women.MethodsInactive women (n = 61; age = 65.5 ± 4.3 yr) participated in moderate-intensity walking of either a low or a moderate dose (33.6 and 58.8 kJ·kg body weight per week, respectively). They wore a SenseWear Mini Armband at baseline and at end intervention to determine sedentary, LPA, and MVPA time and step numbers.ResultsTime being sedentary, or spent on LPA and MVPA, did not change differently by exercise groups with different doses (all P values for group-time interaction >0.580). Overall, time being sedentary reduced from baseline to end intervention by approximately 39 min·d (P < 0.001), and LPA increased by 19 min·d (P = 0.003). MVPA time increased (P < 0.001), which was primarily accounted for by the supervised exercise. Interestingly, daily steps increased more in the moderate-dose than the low-dose group (P = 0.023 for group-time interaction; 33.6% and 19.8% median increase in moderate- and low-dose groups, respectively). Also, there were individual differences in these changes.ConclusionResults indicated that, on average, older women did not reduce time of LPA or MVPA outside the exercise program or increase sedentary time as a result of participating in the exercise program.
| S-EPMC7944948 | biostudies-literature