Emotional Eating Phenotype is Associated with Central Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Independent of Body Mass Index.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eisenstein SA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4464302 | biostudies-other | 2015 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The prediction error model is a widely used paradigm that is conceptually based on neuronal dopamine function. However, whether dopamine receptor gene alleles contribute to human neuroimaging prediction error results is uncertain. Recent research implicated the dopamine D2 receptor in behavior response during a prediction error paradigm and we expected that polymorphisms of that receptor would contribute to prediction error brain response. In this study, healthy female participants in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle underwent a taste prediction error paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were also genotyped for dopamine receptor polymorphisms. Our data suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor -141C Ins/Del and Taq1A polymorphisms together with body mass index selectively explain putamen prediction error response. This was true using a region of interest analysis as well as for a whole-brain analysis (FWE corrected). Polymorphisms for dopamine D1 or D4 receptors, dopamine transporter, or COMT did not significantly contribute to prediction error activation. The prediction error model is a computational reward-learning paradigm that is important in psychiatric research and has been associated with dopamine. The results from this study indicate that dopamine D2 receptor polymorphisms together with body mass index are important determinants to include in research that tests prediction error response of the brain. Psychiatric disorders are frequently associated with elevated or reduced body weight. Adding BMI to genetic information in brain-imaging studies that use reward and the prediction error paradigm may be important to increase validity and reliability of results.
| S-EPMC5966465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveDifferent subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison.MethodInterview-diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN-R) or binge-purge anorexia nervosa (AN-BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge-eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing "negative emotional eating" (sadness, anger, anxiety) and "happiness eating." ED groups were compared to BMI-matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound.ResultsWithin HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN-R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI-matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. Patients with AN-BP occupied an intermediate position between AN-R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI-matched HCs.DiscussionNegative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI-independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN-BP and AN-R would need specific treatment modules.
| S-EPMC8252459 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:While restrictive and compensatory eating disorders (e.g. anorexia and bulimia) are associated with elevated risk of suicide, less is known about binge eating disorder (BED). There is suggestive evidence of a U-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and completed suicide, but fewer studies on suicidal ideation or attempts. This study examined the association between BED, BMI, and suicidality, and assessed whether these relationships varied by gender. METHODS:Data come from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiologic Surveys (N =?14,497). Binge episodes and BED were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory (CIDI). BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Suicidal ideation/attempts were assessed using the CIDI. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the association between binging/BED, BMI and suicidality. Interaction terms were used to assess whether the relationship between BMI and suicidality was moderated by binging/BED, and whether the relationships between binging/BED and BMI differed by gender. RESULTS:One-third of adults with BED had a history of suicidality, compared to 19% of those without. Both binging (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.50-2.53) and BED (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41-2.86) were associated with suicidality in fully-adjusted models. BMI was associated with suicidality in a curvilinear manner, and this relationship was exacerbated by binging/BED (ORBinge eating x BMI: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, p <?0.05). The relationship between BMI and suicidality did not differ by gender (ORgender x BMI: 1.00, p <?0.770). However, the relationship between binge eating and suicidality was stronger for women relative to men (ORgender X binge: 1.87, p <?0.012). CONCLUSIONS:Binge eating, even below the threshold for BED, is associated with suicidality. BMI is associated with suicidality in a curvilinear manner, and the BMI-suicidality relationship is potentiated by binge eating/BED. Findings support the thoughtful integration of psychiatric care into weight loss programs for adults with a history of binging behavior.
| S-EPMC6003111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAn "obesity paradox" for mortality has been shown in chronic disorders such as diabetes, and attributed to methodological bias, including the use of body mass index (BMI) for obesity definition. This analysis investigated the independent association of BMI versus surrogate measures of central adiposity with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study is a prospective cohort study that enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Italian centres in 2006-2008. Exposures were BMI and the surrogate measures of central adiposity waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI). Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%), RESULTS: Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were significantly higher in BMI-based underweight (1.729 [1.193-2.505), P = 0.004), moderately obese (1.214 [1.058-1.392), P = 0.006) and severely obese (1.703 [1.402-2.068), P < 0.0001), lower in overweight (0.842 [0.775-0.915), P < 0.0001) and similar in mildly obese (0.950 [0.864-1.045), P = 0.292), compared to normal-weight individuals. When further adjusting for smoking, physical activity (PA), and comorbidities, risk was lower also in mildly obese versus normal-weight patients. The BMI-mortality relationship did not change after sequentially excluding ever smokers, individuals with comorbidities, and those died within two years from enrollment and when analyzing separately participants below and above the median age. Conversely, a paradox relationship was observed among inactive/moderately inactive, but not moderately/highly active patients. Mortality risk adjusted for age, gender, smoking, PA and comorbidities was significantly higher in the highest tertile of WC (1.279 [1.089-1.501], P = 0.003), WHtR (1.372 [1.165-1.615], P < 0.0001), and ABSI (1.263 [1.067-1.495], P = 0.007) versus the lowest tertile. However, risk was lower in the intermediate versus lowest tertile for WC (0.823 [0.693-0.979], P = 0.028), similar for WHtR, and higher, though not significantly, for ABSI.ConclusionsAn "overweight paradox" remained after controlling for age, smoking, and comorbidities, arguing against a collider bias or reverse causation. However, it could be partly explained by confounding from PA level, possibly through its impact on lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. No obesity paradox was observed with WHtR and especially ABSI, which predicted mortality risk associated with central adiposity better than WC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008.
| S-EPMC9716975 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intuitive eating (IE) is a pattern of adaptive eating that has been associated with positive psychosocial and physical factors (e.g., positive body image, lower body mass index; BMI). However, BMI has also been negatively associated with body image. Our goal was to evaluate whether IE is uniquely associated with body image, independent of objective weight status (measured BMI). Further, as a secondary aim, this study analyzed potential moderators (BMI, sex, race-ethnicity) in the IE-body image relationship. Data from 136 adults (34 ± 15 years old, 74% female, 56% Caucasian) were analyzed. BMI was objectively measured in-lab. IE was measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Body image was measured as a Body Concern composite created using the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0) Weight and Shape Concern subscales. Demographic factors and covariates were measured via self-report. Regressions revealed that, after controlling for BMI and covariates, Total IE was uniquely associated with Body Concern (β = -0.463, p < .001), as were two of the IE subscales: Unconditional Permission to Eat (Unconditional Permission; β = -0.320, p < .001) and Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons (Physical Reasons; β = -0.408, p < .001). BMI was also found to be a significant moderator between IE and Body Concern for Total IE (b = 0.071, p = .017), Unconditional Permission (b = 0.067, p = .001), and Physical Reasons (b = 0.038, p = .021), with the negative association between IE and Body Concern being strongest for healthy weight individuals. Greater IE was associated with lower body image concern across the weight spectrum, though this relationship was strongest for healthy weight individuals and attenuated as BMI increased.
| S-EPMC6535356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions on emotional eating among adults with high body mass index (BMI).MethodsA systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on randomized controlled trials published from inception until 19 March 2021.ResultsThirty-one studies were included, representing 1203 participants with mean ages ranging from 21.8 to 57.3 years old and BMI 27.2-43.5 kg/m2 . We found small-to-medium interventional effects on emotional eating (n = 18; Hedges' g = 0.22; p = 0.01, I2 = 61.7%), uncontrolled eating (n = 16; Hedges' g = 0.46; p < 0.001, I2 = 71.6%) and cognitive restraint (n = 18; Hedges' g = 0.42; p < 0.001, I2 = 75.8%). Small-to-medium interventional effects were only found for emotional eating (n = 8; Hedges' g = 0.45; p = 0.02, I2 = 74.3%) 3-month post-intervention, and on BMI (n = 4; Hedges' g = 0.43; p < 0.05, I2 = 33.4%) and weight (n = 6; Hedges' g = 0.36; p < 0.01, I2 < 10.4%) 12-month post-intervention. Age, male proportion, baseline BMI, attrition rate and intervention length were not significant moderators of the heterogeneity between studies.ConclusionInterventions improved emotional eating and weight loss along a year-long trajectory.
| S-EPMC9320927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The worldwide increase in obesity has spurred numerous efforts to understand the regulation of eating behaviours and underlying brain mechanisms. These mechanisms can affordably be studied via neurobehavioural measures. Here, we systematically review these efforts, evaluating neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires based on: (a) consistent relationship with obesity and eating behaviour, and (b) reliability. We also considered the measures' potential to shed light on the brain mechanisms underlying these individual differences. Sixty-six neurocognitive tasks were examined. Less than 11%, mainly measures of executive functions and food motivation, yielded both replicated and reliable effects. Several different personality questionnaires were consistently related to BMI. However, further analysis found that many of these questionnaires relate closely to Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Both neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires suggest that the critical neural systems related to individual differences in obesity are lateral prefrontal structures underpinning self-control and striatal regions implicated in food motivation. This review can guide selection of the highest yield neurobehavioural measures for future studies.
| S-EPMC4017079 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundRecent studies suggest psychotic and eating disorders can be comorbid and could have shared genetic liability. However, this comorbidity has been overlooked in the epidemiological literature.AimsTo test whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia are associated with disordered eating behaviours and body mass index (BMI) in the general population.MethodUsing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and random-effects logistic and linear regression models, we investigated the association between PRS for schizophrenia and self-reported disordered eating behaviours (binge eating, purging, fasting and excessive exercise) and BMI at 14, 16 and 18 years.ResultsOf the 6920 children with available genetic data, 4473 (64.6%) and 5069 (73.3%) had at least one disordered eating and one BMI outcome measurement, respectively. An s.d. increase in PRS was associated with greater odds of having binge eating behaviours (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI 1.16-1.60) and lower BMI (coefficient, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest the presence of shared genetic risk between schizophrenia and binge eating behaviours. Intermediate phenotypes such as impaired social cognition and irritability, previously shown to be positively correlated in this sample with schizophrenia PRS, could represent risk factors for both phenotypes. Shared genetic liability between binge eating and schizophrenia could also explain higher rates of metabolic syndrome in individuals with schizophrenia, as binge eating could be a mediator of this association in drug-naïve individuals. The finding of an association between greater PRS and lower BMI, although consistent with existing epidemiological and genetic literature, requires further investigation.Declaration of interestNone.
| S-EPMC7117956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo inform dietary interventions, it is important to understand antecedents of recommended (henceforth: healthy) dietary behaviors, beyond dietary beliefs and self-efficacy. We used the validated "Eating Identity Type Inventory" to assess the extent to which participants identified as healthy eaters, meat eaters, emotional eaters or picky eaters. We examined correlations between participants' race/ethnicity and other socio-demographic characteristics and affinity with these eating identities, how affinity with these eating identities correlated with self-reports of dietary beliefs, self-efficacy, dietary behaviors and Body Mass Index (BMI), and how well affinity with these eating identities predicted self-reported dietary behaviors and BMI, as compared to self-reported dietary beliefs and self-efficacy.MethodsIn an online survey, a diverse sample of 340 Los Angeles County adults reported eating identities, dietary beliefs, and self-efficacy, dietary behaviors and BMI.ResultsPearson correlations revealed that identifying more as a healthy eater was positively associated with self-reports of being non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic mixed race, older, and college-educated, while identifying more as a meat eater was positively associated with self-reports of being non-Hispanic Black, younger, and male (α = 0.05). Pearson correlations also showed that healthy eaters had more accurate dietary beliefs and self-efficacy, and emotional eaters had lower self-efficacy (α = 0.05). In linear regressions, identifying more as a healthy eater was associated with self-reporting healthier dietary behaviors and lower BMI, and identifying more as a meat eater and emotional eater was associated with reporting less healthy dietary behaviors and higher BMI, even after accounting for correlations with socio-demographics, dietary beliefs, and self-efficacy (α = 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of eating identities in understanding dietary behaviors and outcomes, with implications for dietary interventions.
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Project description:BMI is correlated with circulating metabolites, but few studies discuss other adiposity measures, and little is known about metabolomic correlates of BMI from early life. We investigated associations between different adiposity measures, BMI from childhood through adulthood, and metabolites quantified from serum using 1H NMR spectroscopy in 900 British men and women aged 60-64. We assessed BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR), and BMI from childhood through adulthood. Linear regression with Bonferroni adjustment was performed to assess adiposity and metabolites. Of 233 metabolites, 168; 126; and 133 were associated with BMI, WHR, and AGR at age 60-64, respectively. Associations were strongest for HDL, particularly HDL particle size-e.g., there was 0.08 SD decrease in HDL diameter (95% CI: 0.07-0.10) with each unit increase in BMI. BMI-adjusted AGR or WHR were associated with 31 metabolites where there was no metabolome-wide association with BMI. We identified inverse associations between BMI at age 7 and glucose or glycoprotein at age 60-64 and relatively large LDL cholesteryl ester with postadolescent BMI gains. In summary, we identified metabolomic correlates of central adiposity and earlier-life BMI. These findings support opportunities to leverage metabolomics in early prevention of cardiovascular risk attributable to body fatness.
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