One-Year Effects of Project EX in Spain: A Classroom-Based Smoking Prevention and Cessation Intervention Program.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gonzalvez MT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4474549 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundMobile health tools such as text messaging programs can support smoking cessation. However, high rates of disengagement from these tools decrease their effectiveness.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify user characteristics associated with retention in an adult text messaging smoking cessation intervention.MethodsAdults initiating a quit attempt using the publicly available program SmokefreeTXT between March 6 and June 21, 2016 (n=6215), were included. Data were collected to assess nicotine dependence, frequency of being around other smokers, time of the day for cigarette cravings, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to quit smoking, confidence in quitting, and long-term intention to be smoke free. Multivariable survival analysis modeling for time to opt out was conducted to identify characteristics associated with opting out over the course of the intervention, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking frequency, reset of the quit date by the user, and the number of days enrolled before initiating the quit attempt. Among those who opted out, multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of opting out early (within 3 days and between 4 and 7 days into the quit attempt) compared to opting out late (more than 7 days into the quit attempt), adjusting for the same confounders.ResultsSurvival analyses indicated that younger age, female sex, higher levels of nicotine dependence, lower intention to be smoke free, and enrolling in SmokefreeTXT ≤1 week before initiating the quit attempt were associated with an increased risk of opting out. For example, users who smoked within 5 minutes of waking up were 1.17 times more likely to opt out than those who smoked more than 5 minutes after waking up (95% CI 1.01-1.35). Among users who opted out from SmokefreeTXT, logistic regression modeling indicated that compared to users who were never or rarely around other smokers, those who were sometimes around other smokers had 1.96 times more likely to opt out within the first 3 days of the quit attempt (95% CI 1.18-3.25). In addition, compared to users with high levels of long-term quit intention, users with lower levels of intention had 1.80 times the odds of opting out between 4 and 7 days into the quit attempt (95% CI 1.02-3.18). Users who reset their quit date after initiating a quit attempt were less likely to opt out at either time point compared with those who did not reset their quit date.ConclusionsSeveral user characteristics are associated with retention in an adult text messaging smoking cessation program. These results provide guidance on potential characteristics that should be addressed in future text messaging smoking cessation programs. Providing additional support to users with these characteristics may increase retention in text messaging programs and ultimately lead to smoking cessation.
| S-EPMC6694733 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Smoking cessation interventions delivered through social media have the potential to engage young people in behavior change. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to describe participant-posted messages in a Facebook smoking cessation intervention for young adults to discern support for behavior change. METHODS:We qualitatively analyzed data from the treatment arm of a randomized trial testing the efficacy of the Tobacco Status Project Facebook intervention. Young adults (N=138) aged 18-25 years (female: 81/138, 58.7%; white: 101/138, 73.2%; mean age 21 years) were recruited using Facebook and placed into one of the 15 secret Facebook groups based on readiness-to-quit smoking. Messages posted to groups for 90 consecutive days were tailored to readiness-to-quit: Not Ready (46/138, 33.3%), Thinking (66/138, 47.8%), and Getting Ready (26/138, 18.8%). Groups were randomized to receive up to US $90 for posting or no incentive. Two independent coders conducted open coding of user posts. We considered content by readiness-to-quit group and incentive condition. RESULTS:There were 4 dominant themes across all groups: coping skills, friends and family, motivation to quit, and benefits of quitting. The dominant themes in Not Ready groups were friends and family (incentive) and motivation to quit (no incentive), whereas coping skills was the dominant theme in Thinking and Getting Ready groups. The expression of themes varied by readiness-to-quit group but not by incentive condition. CONCLUSIONS:Intervention messages tailored to readiness-to-quit appear useful in eliciting the desired responses from young adult smokers, with limited influence by monetary incentive. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02207036; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02207036 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/722XAEAAz).
| S-EPMC6334697 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Smoking prevention in schoolchildren to inform and prevent smoking initiation has been widely studied; however, the potential effect of interventions provided in a hospital setting is unknown. An intervention program named "Schoolchildren smoking prevention in the hospital" was developed in which the health aspects of smoking and its individual consequences were presented in an interactive informational event provided by a thoracic surgeon and a pulmonologist. We aimed to assess the feasibility and the short-term effect of smoking-related knowledge improvement in schoolchildren in a hospital setting. Scholars of 45 classes in Canton of Zurich in Switzerland filled in an anonymous 5-item questionnaire with questions on general knowledge about smoking. The answers were evaluated in this prospective observational cohort study. The primary endpoint was to compare the knowledge improvement by interpretation of answers before-and-after the smoking prevention intervention. Additionally, the performance of children was compared after setting up an overall score and specific subgroups according to gender and school-level. Between Jan 2010, and Oct 2019, schoolchildren aged 10 to 16 years participated in this intervention program and completed the questionnaire before (N = 1270) and after (N = 1264) the intervention. The amount of correctly answered questions increased from 40% (±20) before to 81% (±17), p < 0·0001 after the educational session. An intervention program on health effects of smoking provided by lung specialists in the hospital is feasible, well received, leads to a substantial increase of knowledge, and hopefully can be further explored in the development of smoking prevention programs for schoolchildren.
| S-EPMC9502329 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION We measured the short-term clinical and economic impacts of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) smoking cessation program, which subsidizes the cost of pharmacotherapy and medical consultations, by comparing the changes in prevalence and healthcare costs of smoking-related diseases among cessation service users, non-users, and never smokers. METHODS Smokers who used the cessation service from 2015 to 2017 were included (n=779315). We used claims data from the NHIS, a mandatory, single-payer insurance covering the entire Korean population, to determine the number of patients with selected diseases, their healthcare utilization, and medical costs, and compared these amounts in the one year before and after enrollment. For further comparison, we also estimated disease prevalence and medical costs in matched controls by age, sex, income, and residential area, including never smokers and smokers who never used the cessation program. RESULTS Across all 15 selected diseases, the number of patients, days spent in the hospital, and medical costs for 1 year were consistently higher after service enrollment than before. This pattern was observed for both men and women. Notably, decreased prevalence and medical costs for pneumonia were observed among individuals aged <50 years. Healthcare utilization for any kind of disease for 1 year was 97.7%, 91.1%, and 88.8% among cessation service users, never smokers, and smokers who did not use the cessation service, respectively. The disease-specific prevalence was also highest and increased more in the cessation service users compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Cessation service users were more likely to seek healthcare. Increased healthcare utilization in the first year after cessation service use may have resulted from smoking-related conditions that led individuals to attempt smoking cessation.
| S-EPMC10448735 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several studies have examined the efficacy of smoking cessation therapies in the general population. However little is known about the efficacy of these advisory methods in cardiovascular patients.The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and the characteristics of smoking abstinence in cardiovascular patients, after a smoking intervention during hospitalization.The study involved 442 patients, smokers admitted for cardiovascular disease to the Department of Cardiology. During hospitalization patient's data were collected and all patients were subjected to a 30-minutes long advisory session with drug administration in selected cases (varenicycline, bupropione, nocitine replacement therapy), according to standard protocol. After the discharge patients were asked about smoking abstinence at time intervals of 24 hours, 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months.After hospital discharge 11 patients (2.49%) could not be contacted after several attempts and 19 patients (4.3%) were died during follow up period. A total of 412 patients (218 men and 194 women, mean age 56.49+10.57 years) made up the final study population. Twenty four hours after hospital discharge 364 patients (88.35%) had quitted smoking. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months the abstinence rates were 70.87%, 64.8%, 55.82% and 47.83% respectively. Patients with ischaemic cardiovascular diseases (angina - infarction) had a significantly higher probability of quitting smoking at 12 months (Hazard ratio: 0.64 - p=0.01).A smoking cessation program in cardiovascular patients during hospitalization was unlikely to result in success. These patients might benefit by following programs promoting smoking cessation in experienced specialized centers, involving a group of health professionals, such as psychologists and/or trained nurses.
| S-EPMC5511535 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundMigrant populations usually report higher smoking rates. Among those migrant populations, Turkish- and Kurdish-speaking migrants are often overrepresented. Providing equal access to health services is one of the major challenges of our time. The need for adapted smoking-cessation treatments for Turkish-speaking populations to achieve equity in health led, in 2006, to the development and implementation of the Tiryaki-Kukla smoking-cessation program. The aims of the current study were to evaluate one-year quit rates for smoking-cessation courses held from 2006-2018 and investigate whether certain characteristics predict long-term smoking cessation or reduction.MethodsProgram evaluation included a pre/post questionnaire (session 1/ 3 months after the quit day) and a follow-up telephone call twelve months after the quit day. To elucidate factors associated with long-term smoking cessation and reduction, Cox regression analysis and Weighted Generalized Equation Models were used.ResultsOf the 478 who participated in smoking-cessation courses, 45.4% declared themselves non-smokers at one-year follow-up. This quit rate is higher than that achieved during the preliminary evaluation of the program involving 61 participants (37.7%). Predictors of long-term smoking cessation were course length (eight vs. six sessions) (95% CI = 1.04-1.36, p = .01), adherence to the course (95% CI = 0.98-0.99, p<0.01), use of pharmacotherapy or nicotine replacement therapy products (95% CI = 0.74-0.98, p = .02), and time passed in the morning until the first cigarette is smoked (95% CI5min = 1.17-1.77, p<0.001; 95% CI30min = 1.09-1.65, p<0.01). Predictors of change in cigarettes smoked per day among smokers were-the time passed until the first cigarette in the morning (5min p < .001; 30min p < .001; 60min p < .01)-, gender (p < .001), and level of motivation to quit at baseline (p = .04).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with existing evidence supporting adapted smoking cessation interventions to reduce health inequity in migrant populations. However, achieving harm reduction in smokers with higher dependence scores remains challenging.
| S-EPMC7971503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPost-cessation weight gain (PCWG) is an obstacle to smoking cessation. This trial evaluated a behavioral intervention targeting alternative rewards to smoking and high calorie snacking to promote smoking cessation while mitigating PCWG.MethodsAdult smokers (n = 288; 119 females, 169 males) received eight weeks of transdermal nicotine and were randomized to eight sessions of behavioral activation for smoking cessation and the mitigation of PCWG (BAS+) or standard smoking cessation counseling (SC). Primary outcomes were 7-day point prevalence abstinence and PCWG 26 weeks after the target quit date. Change in caloric intake from pre-treatment through the 26-week follow-up was a secondary outcome. Data were collected from September 2016 to February 2021, and analyses were completed in July 2022.ResultsBAS+ and SC did not differ in smoking abstinence rates at the 26-week follow-up (OR=0.80, 95%CI 0.50-1.27, p = 0.34; 18% versus 23%). There were no significant differences in PCWG between BAS+ and SC who were 7-day point prevalence abstinent (β = -0.29, 95%CI -2.13 to 1.65, p = 0.77; 2.60 versus 2.20 pounds, respectively) or among those continuously abstinent (5.78 versus 5.34 pounds, respectively). There were no significant differences in caloric intake between BAS+ and SC from baseline to the 26-week follow-up (β = 110.65, 95%CI -96.72 to 318.02, p = 0.30; -19.1 versus -116.9 kcals/day, respectively).ConclusionsThe results do not support the efficacy of BAS+ for smoking cessation and the prevention of PCWG. These findings join a growing body of research highlighting the challenge of minimizing PCWG and promoting smoking abstinence.
| S-EPMC10024937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSmoking cessation helps extend a healthy life span and reduces medical expenses. However, the standard 12-week smoking cessation program in Japan has several notable problems. First, only 30% of participants complete this program. Second, participants may choose not to participate unless they have a strong motivation to quit smoking, such as health problems. Third, the program does not provide enough support during the period between clinical visits and after 12 weeks.ObjectiveThis study examined the efficacy of the 24-week ascure program to address the problems of accessibility and continuous support. The program combines online mentoring, over-the-counter pharmacotherapy, and a smartphone app.MethodsUsing a retrospective study design, we investigated data for 177 adult smokers who were enrolled in the ascure smoking cessation program between August 2017 and August 2018. The primary outcomes were continuous abstinence rates (CARs) during weeks 9-12 and weeks 21-24. To confirm smoking status, we performed salivary cotinine testing at weeks 12 and 24. We also evaluated the program adherence rate. Finally, we performed exploratory analysis to determine the factors associated with continuous abstinence at weeks 21-24 to provide insights for assisting with long-term continuous abstinence.ResultsThe CARs of all participants for weeks 9-12 and weeks 21-24 were 48.6% (95% CI 41.2-56.0) and 47.5% (95% CI 40.0-54.8), respectively. Program adherence rates were relatively high throughout (72% at week 12 and 60% at week 24). In the analysis of the factors related to the CAR at weeks 21-24, the number of entries in the app's digital diary and number of educational videos watched during the first 12 weeks were significant factors.ConclusionsThe ascure program achieved favorable CARs, and participants showed high adherence. Proactive usage of the smartphone app may help contribute to smoking cessation success in the long-term.
| S-EPMC7256743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many lifelong smokers establish smoking habits during young adulthood. A university can be an effective setting for early smoking cessation. We evaluated long-term predictors of smoking cessation among smokers in a university setting.We longitudinally followed a cohort of smokers enrolled in a university smoking cessation program in Seoul, South Korea. Sociodemographic factors, smoking-related variables, and changes in smoking habits were assessed during 6-week visit sessions and follow-up telephone interviews conducted 1 year or more later.A total of 205 participants were followed up (mean follow-up duration: 27.1 months). Cessation rates were 47.3% at the end of the visit sessions and 28.8% at follow-up. The long-term persistent smoking rate was significantly higher among individuals with peers who smoked (odds ratio [OR] = 8.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75, 42.80), with family members who smoked (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.20, 9.00), and who smoked 10 to 19 cigarettes/day (OR?=?4.83; 95% CI?=?1.49, 15.69). Conversely, persistent smoking was less likely among those who attended the program regularly (OR?=?0.84 per visit; 95% CI?=?0.72, 0.99) and attempted quitting more frequently (OR?=?0.93 per attempt; 95% CI?=?0.87, 0.99). Use of smoking cessation medications (varenicline or bupropion) was not significantly associated with long-term quitting (OR?=?0.71; 95% CI?=?0.26, 1.93).Peer influences were the strongest predictors of failure in long-term cessation among smokers who attempted to quit. Similarly, the existence of smokers in the family was negatively associated with successful quitting. Regular attendance at a smoking cessation program and a high number of attempts to quit were positively associated with successful quitting. Targeting peer and family smoking groups together rather than targeting individual smokers alone, implementing active cessation programs encouraging regular attendance, and providing comprehensive antismoking environments might be effective strategies in a university setting.
| S-EPMC7004718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionWeb-based smoking prevention programs can be delivered to large groups of adolescents under relatively private conditions at a convenient cost, but their effectiveness is highly dependent on the level of exposure to the educational content. The objective of the study was to identify the predictors of high program exposure among a group of adolescents participating in a web-based smoking prevention cluster randomized trial in Romania.MethodsThe study sample included 675 adolescents from Târgu Mureş, Romania. The level of exposure to the ASPIRE web-based smoking prevention program was monitored using data automatically saved on the system server. High program exposure was defined as watching 75% to 100% of the educational content. Associations between adolescents' sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral variables collected online at the beginning of the intervention and high program exposure were tested using chi-square test and logistic regression.ResultsIn all, 68.3% of students were highly exposed to the program. There were 4 significant predictors of high program exposure in the multivariable logistic regression model: participant's father's lower level of education (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.44), participant's brother's nonsmoking status (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.72), never trying e-cigarettes (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22-2.45), and considering the health of others an important reason not to smoke (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.54-3.93).ConclusionsThe analysis identified sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral factors that may be useful in project management of such intervention to improve program effectiveness.
| S-EPMC6487747 | biostudies-literature