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Natural disasters and nontuberculous mycobacteria: a recipe for increased disease?

ABSTRACT: Infectious diseases acquired by survivors of large-scale natural disasters complicate the recovery process. During events such as tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, and tornados and well into the recovery period, victims often are exposed to water-soil mixtures that have relocated with indigenous microbes. Because nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in water and soil, there is potential for increased exposure to these organisms during natural disasters. In this hypothesis-driven commentary, we discuss the rise in NTM lung disease and natural disasters and examine the geographic overlap of NTM infections and disaster frequencies in the United States. Moreover, we show an increased number of positive NTM cultures from Louisiana residents in the years following three of the relatively recent epic hurricanes and posit that such natural disasters may help to drive the increased number of NTM infections. Finally, we advocate for increased environmental studies and surveillance of NTM infections before and after natural disasters.

SUBMITTER: Honda JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4502755 | biostudies-other | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Florida and association with large-scale natural disasters.

Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the ecosystem disruption and its contribution on the non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) diseases (cases) rate in Florida (FL), a state with a high prevalence of NTM in the United States. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological distribution of NTM in FL and identify its association with extreme weather events.MethodsWe used OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium dataset and extracted data on NTM cases using ICD codes 9- CM 031.0 and ICD-10 A31 during 2012-2018. The number of hurricanes during the study period which affected FL were extracted data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).ResultsPrevalence of NTM gradually increased during the study period. The rate was 2012: 14.3/100,000, 2015; 20.1/100,000 and 2018; 22.6/100,00 except in 2014 where there was an 8% decrease. The incidences were 2012; 6.5/100,00, 2015; 4.9/100,000 and in 2015; 5.4/100,000. Geographical analysis demonstrated a gradual expansion of the NTM cases in Alachua, and Marion Counties throughout the study period. Notably, the 2018 heat map showed higher prevalence of NTM in the northwestern, panhandle region of FL which had been absent in the heat maps for years 2012-2018. High number of the hurricanes was associated with the higher number of the new cases of NTM infection for years 2012, 2016-2018, while the lower number of the hurricanes was associated with the lower number of the new cases of NTM infection for years 2014-2015.ConclusionThe current study found the prevalence rates of NTM disease in FL rose from 2012 to 2018. A higher prevalence was seen following the hurricanes.

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