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The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.

ABSTRACT: The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is located in distal elements called enhancers. Although mammalian genomes contain millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Cell type-specific enhancer selection involves the binding of lineage-determining transcription factors that prime enhancers. Signal-dependent transcription factors bind to primed enhancers, which enables these broadly expressed factors to regulate gene expression in a cell type-specific manner. The expression of genes that specify cell type identity and function is associated with densely spaced clusters of active enhancers known as super-enhancers. The functions of enhancers and super-enhancers are influenced by, and affect, higher-order genomic organization.

SUBMITTER: Heinz S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4517609 | biostudies-other | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.

Heinz Sven S Romanoski Casey E CE Benner Christopher C Glass Christopher K CK

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 20150204 3

The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is located in distal elements called enhancers. Although mammalian genomes contain millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Cell type-specific enhancer selection involves the binding of lineage-determining transcription factors that prime enhancers. Signal-dependent tran ...[more]

PMID: 25650801

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