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Diverse lattice dynamics in ternary Cu-Sb-Se compounds.

ABSTRACT: Searching and designing materials with extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) has attracted considerable attention in material sciences. Here we systematically demonstrate the diverse lattice dynamics of the ternary Cu-Sb-Se compounds due to the different chemical-bond environments. For Cu3SbSe4 and CuSbSe2, the chemical bond strength is nearly equally distributed in crystalline bulk, and all the atoms are constrained to be around their equilibrium positions. Their thermal transport behaviors are well interpreted by the perturbative phonon-phonon interactions. While for Cu3SbSe3 with obvious chemical-bond hierarchy, one type of atoms is weakly bonded with surrounding atoms, which leads the structure to the part-crystalline state. The part-crystalline state makes a great contribution to the reduction of thermal conductivity that can only be effectively described by including a rattling-like scattering process in addition to the perturbative method. Current results may inspire new approaches to designing materials with low lattice thermal conductivities for high-performance thermoelectric conversion and thermal barrier coatings.

SUBMITTER: Qiu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4572610 | biostudies-other | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:In vivo cancer detection based on the mid-infrared molecular fingerprint of tissue is promising for the fast diagnosis and treatment of suspected cancer patients. Few materials are mid-infrared transmissive, even fewer, which can be converted into functional, low-loss optical fibres for in vivo non-invasive testing. Chalcogenide-based glass optical fibres are, however, one of the few. These glasses are transmissive in the mid-infrared and are currently under development for use in molecular sensing devices. The cytotoxicity of these materials is however unknown. The cytotoxicity of Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide optical glass fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells is here investigated. Fibres exposed to four different pre-treatment conditions are used: as-drawn (AD), propylamine-etched (PE), oxidised-and-washed (OW) and oxidised (Ox). To achieve the latter two conditions, fibres are treated with H2O2(aqueous (aq.)) and dried to produce a surface oxide layer; this is either washed off (OW) or left on the glass surface (Ox). Cellular response is investigated via 3 day elution and 14 day direct contact trials. The concentration of the metalloids (Ge, Sb and Se) in each leachate was measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cell viability is assessed using the neutral red assay and scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of Ge, Sb and Se ions after a 3 day dissolution was as follows. In AD leachates, Ge: 0.40 mg L-1, Sb: 0.17 mg L-1, and Se: 0.06 mg L-1. In PE leachates, Ge: 0.22 mg L-1, Sb: 0.15 mg L-1, and Se: 0.02 mg L-1. In Ox leachates, Ge: 823.8 mg L-1, Sb: 2586.6 mg L-1, and Se: 3750 mg L-1. Direct contact trials show confluent cell layers on AD, PE and OW fibres after 14 days, while no cells are observed on the Ox surfaces. A >50% cell viability is observed in AD, PE and OW eluates after 3 days, when compared with Ox eluates (<10% cell viability). Toxicity in Ox is attributed to the notable pH change, from neutral pH 7.49 to acidic pH 2.44, that takes place on dissolution of the surface oxide layer in the growth media. We conclude, as-prepared Ge-Sb-Se glasses are cytocompatible and toxicity arises when an oxide layer is forced to develop on the glass surface.

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Diverse lattice dynamics in ternary Cu-Sb-Se compounds.

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