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Evaluation of hepatic perfusion in the liver graft using fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.

ABSTRACT: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after liver transplantation (LT) is one of serious complications and reportedly ranges from 2% to 13%. PVT impairs the blood perfusion to the grafts and causes the graft dysfunction.A 60-year-old female underwent living-donor LT with the left liver graft for end-stage liver disease related to chronic hepatitis C. After reperfusion, Indocyanine green (ICG)-fluorescence imaging was performed to confirm the graft perfusion, which pointed out an insufficient perfusion on the surface of segment 4. Following intraoperative ultrasonography revealed thrombus in the portal vein of segment 4, which was successfully removed by heparinized saline flush.The most of patients with PVT developed graft failure and resulted in retransplantation. This enhances the importance of the surveillance for PVT in the postoperative period as well as the intraoperative period. However, the modality to identify PVT during surgery is limited mainly to intraoperative ultrasound. ICG-fluorescence imaging can visualize regions with impaired hepatic perfusion due to PVT in real time during LT in addition to visualization of hepatic flows of reconstructed vessels and evaluation of regions with venous occlusion.ICG-fluorescence imaging can be simply performed with single ICG injection and is expected to have potential roles to enhance the safety of LT.

SUBMITTER: Kawaguchi Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4573850 | biostudies-other | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Evaluation of hepatic perfusion in the liver graft using fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.

Kawaguchi Yoshikuni Y Akamatsu Nobuhisa N Ishizawa Takeaki T Kaneko Junichi J Arita Junichi J Sakamoto Yoshihiro Y Hasegawa Kiyoshi K Kokudo Norihiro N

International journal of surgery case reports 20150731

<h4>Introduction</h4>Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after liver transplantation (LT) is one of serious complications and reportedly ranges from 2% to 13%. PVT impairs the blood perfusion to the grafts and causes the graft dysfunction.<h4>Presentation of case</h4>A 60-year-old female underwent living-donor LT with the left liver graft for end-stage liver disease related to chronic hepatitis C. After reperfusion, Indocyanine green (ICG)-fluorescence imaging was performed to confirm the graft perfusi ...[more]

PMID: 26275740

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Project description:Recently, fluorescence imaging following the preoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green has been used in clinical settings to identify hepatic malignancies during surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of photoacoustic tomography using indocyanine green as a contrast agent to produce representative fluorescence images of hepatic tumors by visualizing the spatial distribution of indocyanine green on ultrasonographic images. Indocyanine green (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous) was preoperatively administered to 9 patients undergoing hepatectomy. Intraoperatively, photoacoustic tomography was performed on the surface of the resected hepatic specimens (n?=?10) under excitation with an 800 nm pulse laser. In 4 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, photoacoustic imaging identified indocyanine green accumulation in the cancerous tissue. In contrast, in one hepatocellular carcinoma nodule and five adenocarcinoma foci (one intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 4 colorectal liver metastases), photoacoustic imaging delineated indocyanine green accumulation not in the cancerous tissue but rather in the peri-cancerous hepatic parenchyma. Although photoacoustic tomography enabled to visualize spatial distribution of ICG on ultrasonographic images, which was consistent with fluorescence images on cut surfaces of the resected specimens, photoacoustic signals of ICG-containing tissues decreased approximately by 40% even at 4 mm depth from liver surfaces. Photoacoustic tomography using indocyanine green also failed to identify any hepatocellular carcinoma nodules from the body surface of model mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In conclusion, photoacoustic tomography has a potential to enhance cancer detectability and differential diagnosis by ultrasonographic examinations and intraoperative fluorescence imaging through visualization of stasis of bile-excreting imaging agents in and/or around hepatic tumors. However, further technical advances are needed to improve the visibility of photoacoustic signals emitted from deeply-located lesions.

Project description:BackgroundUterine blood flow is an important factor in uterine viability, but the number of blood vessels required to maintain viability is uncertain. In this study, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was used to examine uterine hemodynamics and vessels associated with uterine blood flow in cynomolgus macaque.MethodsThe uterus of a female cynomolgus macaque was cut from the vaginal canal to mimic a situation during trachelectomy or uterine transplantation surgery in which uterine perfusion is maintained only with uterine and ovarian vessels. Intraoperative uterine hemodynamics was observed using ICG fluorescence imaging under conditions in which various nutrient vessels were selected by clamping of blood vessels. A time-intensity curve was plotted using imaging analysis software to measure the T(max) of uterine perfusion for selected blood vessel patterns. Open surgery was performed with the uterus receiving nutritional support only from uterine vessels on one side. The size of the uterus after surgery was monitored using transabdominal ultrasonography.ResultsThe resulting time-intensity curves displayed the average intensity in the regions of the uterine corpus and uterine cervix, and in the entire uterus. Analyses of the uterine hemodynamics in the cynomolgus macaque showed that uterine vessels were significantly related to uterine perfusion (P=0.008), whereas ovarian vessels did not have a significant relationship (P=0.588). When uterine vessels were clamped, ovarian vessels prolonged the time needed to reach perfusion maximum. Postoperative transabdominal ultrasonography showed that the size of the uterus was not changed 2 months after surgery, with recovery of periodic menstruation. The cynomolgus macaque has got pregnant with favorable fetus well-being.ConclusionUterine vessels may be responsible for uterine blood flow, and even one uterine vessel may be sufficient to maintain uterine viability in cynomolgus macaque. Our results show that ICG fluorescence imaging is useful for evaluation of uterine blood flow since this method allows real-time observation of uterine hemodynamics.

Project description:BackgroundWith the mature application of laparoscopy in hepatobiliary surgery, laparoscopic treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) has made certain progress. But, due to the inherent limitations of laparoscopy and the growth characteristics of cystic echinococcosis, distinguishing the boundary between cystic lesion and normal hepatic parenchyma is pivotal importance for successful surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging technology can view the boundary of lesion and normal tissue during the treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Applied laparoscopy combined with ICG fluorescence imaging technique for hepatic cystic echinococcosis may be an effective surgical strategy.MethodsThe clinical data contained nine patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technique in authors' institution from December 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Indocyanine green was administered intravenously three days prior to surgery. The fluorescence acquisition system for real-time imaging was used during the surgery and the patients were followed up after surgery.ResultsOf reported nine patients, six are male and the remaining three are female. The average age is (36.4 ± 7.6) years. For all subjects, surgical procedures were performed under laparoscopy with indocyanine green fluorescence system. This technique showed the clear boundary of the hepatic cyst with normal liver parenchyma. Total cystectomy in six patients, subtotal cystectomy in two patients and partial hepatectomy in one patient were performed respectively. The average operation time was 3.8 ± 0.9 h, blood loss 206.0 ± 120.7 ml. Neither blood transfusion nor post-operative complication was experienced. The average abdominal drainage time was 3.4 ± 0.9 days with hospital stay 5.7 ± 2.1 days. During the 6-12 months follow-up period, neither recurrence nor intraperitoneal implantation was found.ConclusionsApplied laparoscopy combined with ICG fluorescence imaging technique for hepatic cystic echinococcosis is safe and feasible. Enhanced boundary image can assist surgeons to complete radical resection and reduce complications.

Project description:This study sought to determine whether indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging can illuminate high-risk histologic plaque features of human carotid atherosclerosis, and in coronary atheroma of living swine, using intravascular NIRF-optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.New translatable imaging approaches are needed to identify high-risk biological signatures of atheroma. ICG is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved NIRF imaging agent that experimentally targets plaque macrophages and lipid in areas of enhanced endothelial permeability. However, it is unknown whether ICG can target atheroma in patients.Eight patients were enrolled in the BRIGHT-CEA (Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Uptake in Human Carotid Artery Plaque) trial. Five patients were injected intravenously with ICG 99 ± 25 min before clinically indicated carotid endarterectomy. Three saline-injected endarterectomy patients served as control subjects. Excised plaques underwent analysis by intravascular NIRF-OCT, reflectance imaging, microscopy, and histopathology. Next, following ICG intravenous injection, in vivo intracoronary NIRF-OCT and intravascular ultrasound imaged 3 atheroma-bearing coronary arteries of a diabetic, cholesterol-fed swine.ICG was well tolerated; no adverse clinical events occurred up to 30 days post-injection. Multimodal NIRF imaging including intravascular NIRF-OCT revealed that ICG accumulated in all endarterectomy specimens. Plaques from saline-injected control patients exhibited minimal NIRF signal. In the swine experiment, intracoronary NIRF-OCT identified ICG uptake in all intravascular ultrasound-identified plaques in vivo. On detailed microscopic evaluation, ICG localized to plaque areas exhibiting impaired endothelial integrity, including disrupted fibrous caps, and within areas of neovascularization. Within human plaque areas of endothelial abnormality, ICG was spatially related to localized zones of plaque macrophages and lipid, and, notably, intraplaque hemorrhage.This study demonstrates that ICG targets human plaques exhibiting endothelial abnormalities and provides new insights into its targeting mechanisms in clinical and experimental atheroma. Intracoronary NIRF-OCT of ICG may offer a novel, clinically translatable approach to image pathobiological aspects of coronary atherosclerosis. (Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Uptake in Human Carotid Artery Plaque [BRIGHT-CEA]; NCT01873716).

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Evaluation of hepatic perfusion in the liver graft using fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.

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Evaluation of hepatic perfusion in the liver graft using fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.

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