Amniotic Sac Herniation Through a Prior Cornual Scar in The Third Trimester.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Saad AF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4603857 | biostudies-other | 2015 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:ObjectiveCoffee is frequently (one or two cups/day) consumed throughout pregnancy. Although there are a few studies evaluating caffeine effects on pregnancy; however, a diuretic effect of caffeine on fetal kidneys has not been reported. Therefore, after drinking coffee whether changing of amniotic fluid index (AFI) and fetal renal artery blood flow (FRABF, RI, Resistive index; PI, Pulsatility index) were evaluated in this study.MethodsThis clinical study was performed with two groups. For the study group, 63 participants with isolated borderline oligohydramnios who agreed to drink one cup of instant coffee were included in this study while 63 participants with isolated borderline oligohydramnios who did not drink one cup of instant coffee formed the control group. AFI, RI and PI were evaluated both before and after coffee intake.ResultsMaternal characteristics of all study population were homogenous. FRABF indices were similar in both before and after coffee consumption. AFI was increased significantly six hours after drinking coffee (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe coffee consumption increased the amniotic fluid volume. However it does not seem to affect on FRABF. According to our study findings, coffee consumption may offer a new opportunity to improve amniotic fluid volume for pregnant women with oligohydramnios.
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Project description:Human amniotic fluid stem cells have become an attractive stem cell source for potential applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to characterize amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) from second- and third-trimester of gestation. Using two-stage protocol, MSCs were successfully cultured and exhibited typical stem cell morphological, specific cell surface, and pluripotency markers characteristics. AF-MSCs differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, and neuronal cells, as determined by morphological changes, cell staining, and RT-qPCR showing the tissue-specific gene presence for differentiated cell lineages. Using SYNAPT G2 High Definition Mass Spectrometry technique approach, we performed for the first time the comparative proteomic analysis between undifferentiated AF-MSCs from late trimester of gestation and differentiated into myogenic, adipogenic, osteogenic, and neurogenic lineages. The analysis of the functional and expression patterns of 250 high abundance proteins selected from more than 1400 demonstrated the similar proteome of cultured and differentiated AF-MSCs but the unique changes in their expression profile during cell differentiation that may help the identification of key markers in differentiated cells. Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid of second- and third-trimester contains stem cells with multilineage potential and may be attractive source for clinical applications.
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Project description:IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of midgut herniation in vivo using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonographic volume and distance measurements and to create reference data for physiological midgut herniation in ongoing pregnancies in a tertiary hospital population.Materials and methodsThe transvaginal 3D ultrasound volumes of 112 women, seen weekly during the first trimester of pregnancy, were obtained and subsequently analysed in a virtual reality environment. The width of the umbilical cord insertion, the maximum diameter of the umbilical cord, and the volume of midgut herniation were measured from 6 until 13 weeks gestational age (GA).ResultsAll parameters had a positive relation with GA, crown-rump length, and abdominal circumference. In approximately 1 of 10 volumes no midgut herniation could be observed at 9 and 10 weeks GA. In 5.0% of the fetuses the presence of midgut herniation could still be visualised at 12 weeks GA.ConclusionReference charts for several dimensions of physiological midgut herniation were created. In the future, our data might be used as a reference in the first trimester for comparison in case of a suspected pathological omphalocele.
| S-EPMC6549455 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAmniogenesis is a key event in biochemical pregnancy, and its failure may result in human embryonic death. However, whether and how environmental chemicals affect amniogenesis remain largely unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to screen chemicals that may disrupt amniogenesis in an amniotic sac embryoid model and to investigate the potential mechanism of amniogenesis failure, with a focus on organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs).MethodsThis study developed a high-throughput toxicity screening assay based on transcriptional activity of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4). For the two positive OPFR hits with the strongest inhibitory activity, we used time-lapse and phase-contrast imaging to assess their effects on amniogenesis. Associated pathways were explored by RNA-sequencing and western blotting, and potential binding target protein was identified through a competitive binding experiment.ResultsEight positive hits exhibiting Oct4 expression were identified, with 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDPP) showing the strongest inhibitory activity. EHDPP and IDDPP were found to disrupt the rosette-like structure of the amniotic sac or inhibit its development. Functional markers of squamous amniotic ectoderm and inner cell mass were also found disrupted in the EHDPP- and IDDPP-exposed embryoids. Mechanistically, embryoids exposed to each chemical exhibited abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated nonmuscle myosin (p-MLC-II) and were able to bind to integrin β1 (ITGβ1).ConclusionThe amniotic sac embryoid models suggested that OPFRs disrupted amniogenesis likely by inhibiting the ITGβ1 pathway, thus providing direct in vitro evidence associating OPFRs with biochemical miscarriage. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11958.
| S-EPMC10081692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In China, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) counts as a major pregnancy complication in China and usually results into adverse pregnancy outcomes. We analysed the vagina microbiome composition using 16S rDNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing technology, in this prospective study of 441 women in their third trimester of pregnancy. We first divided all subjects into PROM and HC (healthy control) groups, in order to investigate the correlation of vagina microbiome composition and the development of PROM. We found that seven pathogens were higher in the PROM group as compared to the HC group with statistical significance. We also split all subjects into three groups based on Lactobacillus abundance-dominant (Lactobacillus > 90%), intermediate (Lactobacillus 30-90%) and depleted (Lactobacillus < 30%) groups, and explored nine pathogenic genera that were higher in the depleted group than the intermediate and dominant groups having statistical significance. Finally, using integrated analysis and logistics regression modelling, we discovered that Lactobacillus (coeff = -0.09, p = 0.04) was linked to the decreased risk of PROM, while Gardnerella (coeff = 0.04, p = 0.02), Prevotella (coeff = 0.11, p = 0.02), Megasphaera (coeff = 0.04, p = 0.01), Ureaplasma (coeff = 0.004, p = 0.01) and Dialister (coeff = 0.001, p = 0.04) were associated with the increased risk of PROM. Further study on how these pathogens interact with vaginal microbiota and the host would result in a better understanding of PROM development.
| S-EPMC9413980 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST753 | biostudies-other
Project description:Development of the asymmetric amniotic sac-with the embryonic disc and amniotic ectoderm occupying opposite poles-is a vital milestone during human embryo implantation. Although essential to embryogenesis and pregnancy, amniotic sac development in humans remains poorly understood. Here, we report a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based model, termed the post-implantation amniotic sac embryoid (PASE), that recapitulates multiple post-implantation embryogenic events centered around amniotic sac development. Without maternal or extraembryonic tissues, the PASE self-organizes into an epithelial cyst with an asymmetric amniotic ectoderm-epiblast pattern that resembles the human amniotic sac. Upon further development, the PASE initiates a process that resembles posterior primitive streak development in a SNAI1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observe asymmetric BMP-SMAD signaling concurrent with PASE development, and establish that BMP-SMAD activation/inhibition modulates stable PASE development. This study reveals a previously unrecognized fate potential of human pluripotent stem cells and provides a platform for advancing human embryology.Early in human embryonic development, it is unclear how amniotic sac formation is regulated. Here, the authors use a human pluripotent stem cell-based model, termed the post-implantation amniotic sac embryoid, to recapitulate early embryogenic events of human amniotic sac development.
| S-EPMC5547056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe global sequence of the pathogenesis of preterm labor remains unclear. This study aimed to compare amniotic fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix-related proteins (procollagen, osteopontin and IL-33), and of cytokines (IL-19, IL-6, IL-20, TNFα, TGFβ, and IL-1β) in asymptomatic women with and without subsequent spontaneous preterm delivery.Material and methodsWe used amniotic fluid samples of singleton pregnancy, collected by amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation, without stigmata of infection (i.e., all amniotic fluid samples were tested with broad-range 16 S rDNA PCR to distinguish samples with evidence of past bacterial infection from sterile ones), during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to perform a nested case-control laboratory study. Cases were women with a spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks of gestation (preterm group). Controls were women who gave birth at or after 39 weeks (full term group). Amniotic fluid concentrations of the extracellular matrix-related proteins and cytokines measured by immunoassays were compared for two study groups.Clinicaltrialsgov: NCT00718705.ResultsBetween July 2008 and July 2011, in 12 maternal-fetal medicine centers in France, 166 women with available PCR-negative amniotic fluid samples were retained for the analysis. Concentrations of procollagen, osteopontin, IL-19, IL-6, IL-20, IL-33, TNFα, TGFβ, and IL-1β were compared between the 37 who gave birth preterm and the 129 women with full-term delivery. Amniotic fluid levels of procollagen, osteopontin, IL-19, IL-33, and TNFα were significantly higher in the preterm than the full-term group. IL-6, IL-20, TGFβ, and IL-1β levels did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsIn amniotic fluid 16 S rDNA PCR negative samples obtained during second-trimester amniocentesis, extracellular matrix-related protein concentrations (procollagen, osteopontin and IL-33), together with IL-19 and TNFα, were observed higher at this time in cases of later spontaneous preterm birth.
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Project description:Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated small vessels' vasculitis that affects the skin, intestines and kidneys. Pregnancy has been reported as an exacerbating factor. We present the case of a 24-year-old primigravida with HSP that occurred in the third trimester and lasted up to the end of the successful delivery. She had pruritic maculopapular exanthema on her legs. Biopsy of a cutaneous lesion was performed for histopathologic features and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for the presence of perivascular IgA deposition. Histopathology of the cutaneous lesion confirmed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A DIF examination of the skin lesion confirmed deposits of fibrinogen in the small blood vessel walls. Six weeks following delivery, the skin lesions almost completely disappeared. Control laboratory findings were normal. This case of HSP might have been primarily associated with a preceding respiratory infection but this should first be carefully investigated due to a possible severe immunological disease in the patient's background requiring special attention since nephrotic symptoms may occur.
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Project description:The rapidly expanding cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have exposed vulnerable populations, including pregnant women to an unprecedented public health crisis. Recent data show that pregnancy in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased hospitalization, admission of the intensive care unit, and intubation. However, very few resources exist to guide the multidisciplinary team in managing critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19. We report our experience with managing a morbidly obese pregnant woman at 36 weeks' gestation with history of asthma and malignancy who presented with persistent respiratory symptoms at an outside hospital after being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Early in the course of the hospitalization, patient received remdesivir, convalescent plasma, bronchodilator, systemic steroids, and IV heparin for COVID-19 and concomitant asthma exacerbation and pulmonary embolism. Due to increasing oxygen requirements, she was eventually intubated and transferred to our institution for higher level of care. Respiratory acidosis, severe hypoxemia, and vent asynchrony were managed with vent setting adjustment and paralytics. After 12 hours from spontaneous rupture of her membranes and with stabilization of maternal status, patient underwent a term cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart tracing. The neonate was discharged on the 2nd day of life, while the patient was extubated on the 6th postpartum day and was discharged to acute inpatient rehabilitation facility on the 19th hospital day. This report highlights the disease progression of COVID-19 in a pregnant woman, the clinical challenges in the critical care aspect of patient management, and the proposed multidisciplinary strategies utilizing an algorithmic approach to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
| S-EPMC7563040 | biostudies-literature