Dataset Information

Constrained Dual Scaling for Detecting Response Styles in Categorical Data.

ABSTRACT: Dual scaling (DS) is a multivariate exploratory method equivalent to correspondence analysis when analysing contingency tables. However, for the analysis of rating data, different proposals appear in the DS and correspondence analysis literature. It is shown here that a peculiarity of the DS method can be exploited to detect differences in response styles. Response styles occur when respondents use rating scales differently for reasons not related to the questions, often biasing results. A spline-based constrained version of DS is devised which can detect the presence of four prominent types of response styles, and is extended to allow for multiple response styles. An alternating nonnegative least squares algorithm is devised for estimating the parameters. The new method is appraised both by simulation studies and an empirical application.

SUBMITTER: Schoonees PC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4644217 | biostudies-other | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Publications

Constrained Dual Scaling for Detecting Response Styles in Categorical Data.

Schoonees Pieter C PC van de Velden Michel M Groenen Patrick J F PJ

Psychometrika 20150408 4

Dual scaling (DS) is a multivariate exploratory method equivalent to correspondence analysis when analysing contingency tables. However, for the analysis of rating data, different proposals appear in the DS and correspondence analysis literature. It is shown here that a peculiarity of the DS method can be exploited to detect differences in response styles. Response styles occur when respondents use rating scales differently for reasons not related to the questions, often biasing results. A splin ...[more]

PMID: 25850617

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Project description:Background. Genome-wide association studies have succeeded in detecting novel common variants which associate with complex diseases. As a result of the fast changes in next generation sequencing technology, a large number of sequencing data are generated, which offers great opportunities to identify rare variants that could explain a larger proportion of missing heritability. Many effective and powerful methods are proposed, although they are usually limited to continuous, dichotomous or ordinal traits. Notice that traits having nominal categorical features are commonly observed in complex diseases, especially in mental disorders, which motivates the incorporation of the characteristics of the categorical trait into association studies with rare and common variants. Methods. We construct two simple and intuitive nonparametric tests, MIT and aMIT, based on mutual information for detecting association between genetic variants in a gene or region and a categorical trait. MIT and aMIT can gauge the difference among the distributions of rare and common variants across a region given every categorical trait value. If there is little association between variants and a categorical trait, MIT or aMIT approximately equals zero. The larger the difference in distributions, the greater values MIT and aMIT have. Therefore, MIT and aMIT have the potential for detecting functional variants. Results.We checked the validity of proposed statistics and compared them to the existing ones through extensive simulation studies with varied combinations of the numbers of variants of rare causal, rare non-causal, common causal, and common non-causal, deleterious and protective, various minor allele frequencies and different levels of linkage disequilibrium. The results show our methods have higher statistical power than conventional ones, including the likelihood based score test, in most cases: (1) there are multiple genetic variants in a gene or region; (2) both protective and deleterious variants are present; (3) there exist rare and common variants; and (4) more than half of the variants are neutral. The proposed tests are applied to the data from Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism, and a competent performance is exhibited therein. Discussion. As a complementary to the existing methods mainly focusing on quantitative traits, this study provides the nonparametric tests MIT and aMIT for detecting variants associated with categorical trait. Furthermore, we plan to investigate the association between rare variants and multiple categorical traits.

Dataset Information

Constrained Dual Scaling for Detecting Response Styles in Categorical Data.

Publications

Constrained Dual Scaling for Detecting Response Styles in Categorical Data.

Similar Datasets

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