Effect of Lymph Node Count on Pathological Stage III Rectal Cancer with Preoperative Radiotherapy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4652213 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Persistent lymph node-positive disease after preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer is associated with adverse outcomes. We quantified mortality risks of persistent pathologic lymph nodes in lymph node-positive rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiation.This was a retrospective population-based analysis of 2,038 patients with stage III rectal cancer diagnosed 1994-2005 with follow-up through 2007 using data from the California Cancer Registry. Survival estimates were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate cancer-specific and overall mortality analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard ratios with adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, socioeconomic status, and time period (1994-1997, 1998-2001, and 2002-2005).Overall survival was higher among lymph node-positive patients receiving postoperative chemoradiation compared to lymph node-positive patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation (median overall survival?=?87 versus 62 months, P?=?0.0002). In adjusted analyses, patients with persistent lymph node-positive disease after preoperative chemoradiation treatment had increased overall (HR?=?1.69; 95 % CI, 1.42-2.01) and CRC-specific (HR?=?1.78; 95 % CI, 1.44-2.19) mortality risk compared to lymph node-positive disease after postoperative chemoradiation treatment.Stage III rectal cancer patients with persistent pathologic lymph nodes after preoperative chemoradiation represent a high-risk group, with higher mortality than those treated with postoperative chemoradiation.
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Project description:Negative lymph node (NLN) count provides accurate prognostic information in patients with gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether NLN still has prognostic value for patients received preoperative radiotherapy. In this study, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-registered gastric cancer patients were used for analysis. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival time were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk factors for survival. NLN count was validated as an independent prognostic factor in both univariate and mulivariate analysis (P < 0.001). X-tile plots identified 12 as the optimal cutoff value to divide the patients into high and low risk subsets in terms of survival rate. Nomogram based on cancer-specific survival was successfully established according to all significant factors. The C-index was 0.630 (95% CI: 0.605-0.655). Subgroup analysis showed that NLN count was a prognosis factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer (stage ypII and ypIII). In conclusion, our results firmly demonstrated that NLN count was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer who received preoperative radiotherapy. It provides more accurate prognostic information especially for patients with advanced gastric cancer (stage ypII and ypIII). Nomograms based on cancer-specific survival could be recommended as practical models to evaluate prognosis.
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Project description:This study identified predictors of favorable overall survival (OS) for stage III colon cancer patients who had only one lymph node (LN) metastasis (N1a).Variables, including preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, LN sampling status, and the choices of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, were recorded. Prognostic significance was determined using the log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis.The median 42-month follow-up period included 363 eligible patients. Among them, 230 (63.3%) received only 5-flurouracil (5-FU) adjuvant chemotherapy; 76 (20.9%) underwent oxaliplatin-based regimens; and 57 (15.7%) chose surgery alone. The 5-year survival rate of these evaluated patients was 75%, 63%, and 77%, respectively (P = 0.823). Multivariate analysis revealed that normal preoperative CEA level (?5 ng/mL) and adequate LN sampling (LN ? 12) were significant predictors for higher 5-year OS (P < 0.001; P = 0.007, respectively). However, the use of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in these N1a colon cancer patients did not significantly affect their 5-year OS.A preoperative CEA level of less than or equal to 5 ng/mL, and curative surgery with an adequate lymphadenectomy determined a favorable OS outcome in stage III colon cancer with only one LN metastasis.
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Project description:Background: The retrieved lymph node (LN) count has been confirmed as a prognostic indicator in various cancers. However, the correlation between LN counts and patient prognosis in gastric cancer with node-positive is not fully studied. Methods: A total of 8475 patients undergoing gastrectomy in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-registered gastric cancer were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyze long-term outcomes and risk factors. Moreover, nomograms including LN counts were established to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), and Harrell's concordance index (c-index) was adopted to evaluate prediction accuracy. Results: Patients were stratified into 1-6, 7-14, and > 14 subgroups according to the optimal cutoff for retrieved LNs in terms of 5-year CSS. Further analysis indicated that higher LN counts were an independent predictor of longer survival in each N category. Nomograms on CSS and OS were established according to all significant factors, and c-indexes were 0.663 and 0.654 (P< 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: These results indicated that the more the LNs retrieved, the better the survival would be. Nomograms incorporating LN counts can be recommended as practical models to provide more accurate prognostic information for GC patients.
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Project description:Background: Lymph node examination is a prognostic indicator for colon cancer (CC) patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a preoperative risk prediction model for inadequate lymph node examination. Methods: 24284 patients diagnosed as stage I-III CC between 2010-2014 were extracted from SEER database and randomly divided into development cohort (N=12142) and internal validation cohort (N=12142). 680 patients diagnosed as stage I-III CC between 2012-2014 were extracted from our hospital as external validation cohort. Logistic regression analysis was performed and risk score of each factor was calculated according to model formula. Model discrimination was assessed using C-statistics. Results: Preoperative risk factors were identified as gender, age, tumor site and tumor size. Patients with total risk score of 0-6 were considered as low risk group while patients scored ≥13 were considered as high risk group. The model had good discrimination and calibration in all cohorts and could apply to patients in the SEER database (American population) and patients in our hospital (Chinese population). Conclusions: The model could accurately predict the risk of inadequate lymph node examination before surgery and might provide useful reference for surgeons and pathologists.
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Project description:The risk of lymph node positivity (LN+) in rectal cancer is a parameter that impacts therapeutic recommendations. We aimed to quantify the effect of younger age on LN+ in rectal cancer. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, patients with rectal cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 2008 were identified. Patients were stage I-III, without preoperative radiotherapy, at least one lymph node examined, and a standard rectal cancer operation performed. The association of age and LN+ status was examined with logistic regression separately for each T stage, adjusting for multiple covariates. Poisson regression was used to evaluate age and number of positive lymph nodes (LNs). All statistical tests were two-sided. Fifty-six thousand seventy-six patients were identified, including 1194 (2.1%) patients age 20 to 39 years at diagnosis and 4199 (7.5%) patients age 40 to 49 years (defined as young). For each T stage, LN+ was inversely associated with age (all P < .001). For T1, T2, and T3, age remained predictive of LN+ status after adjustment for number of LNs examined and other covariates (P < .001 for each stage). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for LN+ for age 20 to 39 vs 60 to 69 were: T1: 1.97(95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 2.86); T2: 1.48 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.95); T3: 1.30 (95% CI = 1.10 to 1.53). Young age was a statistically significant predictor of an increased number of LNs positive for stage T2 (P = .042) and T3 (P = .002). In this large national dataset, young age at diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of LN+. This finding merits further investigation and may ultimately impact treatment decision-making for young early-stage patients.
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Project description:Background and Purpose: Lymph node status is a key factor for the recommendation of organ preservation for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant therapy but generally confirmed post-operation. This study aimed to preoperatively predict the lymph node status following neoadjuvant therapy using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomic signature. Materials and Methods: A total of 391 patients with LARC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and TME were included, of which 261 and 130 patients were allocated to the primary cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. The tumor area, as determined by preoperative MRI, underwent radiomics analysis to build a radiomic signature related to lymph node status. Two radiologists reassessed the lymph node status on MRI. The radiomic signature and restaging results were included in a multivariate analysis to build a combined model for predicting the lymph node status. Stratified analyses were performed to test the predictive ability of the combined model in patients with post-therapeutic MRI T1-2 or T3-4 tumors, respectively. Results: The combined model was built in the primary cohort, and predicted lymph node metastasis (LNM+) with an area under the curve of 0.818 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.7% were considered in the validation cohort. Stratified analyses indicated that the combined model could predict LNM+ with a NPV of 100 and 87.8% in the post-therapeutic MRI T1-2 and T3-4 subgroups, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals the potential of radiomics as a predictor of lymph node status for patients with LARC following neoadjuvant therapy, especially for those with post-therapeutic MRI T1-2 tumors.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined gender differences in the clinical management of rectal cancer. We examine differences in stage at diagnosis and preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. METHODS:A prospective cohort study was conducted in 22 hospitals in Spain including 770 patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer. Study outcomes were disseminated disease at diagnosis and receiving preoperative radiotherapy. Age, comorbidity, referral from a screening program, diagnostic delay, distance from the anal verge, and tumor depth were considered as factors that might explain gender differences in these outcomes. RESULTS:Women were more likely to be diagnosed with disseminated disease among those referred from screening (odds ratio, confidence interval 95% (OR, CI?=?7.2, 0.9-55.8) and among those with a diagnostic delay greater than 3?months (OR, CI?=?5.1, 1.2-21.6). Women were less likely to receive preoperative radiotherapy if they were younger than 65?years of age (OR, CI?=?0.6, 0.3-1.0) and if their tumors were cT3 or cT4 (OR, CI?=?0.5, 0.4-0.7). CONCLUSIONS:The gender-specific sensitivity of rectal cancer screening tests, gender differences in referrals and clinical reasons for not prescribing preoperative radiotherapy in women should be further examined. If these gender differences are not clinically justifiable, their elimination might enhance survival.
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Project description:This study compared long-term population-based survival outcomes of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) approaches in rectal cancer. Patients with stage II-III rectal cancer between 1998 and 2013 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were estimated in propensity-matched study population according to the use of RT. Among the 28,320 eligible patients, a total of 18,400 patients were identified from propensity score matching process balancing the distribution of prognostic covariates. The 10-year OS and DSS rates were higher in patients with preoperative RT than the postoperative group (51.6% vs. 49.8% with P?<?0.001, and 65.4% vs. 64.8% with P?=?0.037, respectively). However, in multivariate analysis, selection of combined RT sequence did not affect the survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.10 for OS; HR 0.97 and 95% CI 0.90-1.05 for DSS). Regarding hazard rate functions of cancer-specific mortality, the overall time-course risks after preoperative and postoperative RT were comparable. This study provides additional insight into the long-term prognostic implications of the two RT strategies, suggesting that the sequence of RT does not lead to differential survival in stage II-III rectal cancer.
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Project description:BackgroundThis aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of time interval between the completion of radiotherapy and robotic-assisted surgery on the outcomes among patients with rectal cancer undergoing preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).MethodsIn total, 116 patients with stage I-III rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CCRT and robotic-assisted surgery between September 2013 and February 2019 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the time interval: group A (10-12 weeks) and group B (≥ 12 weeks).ResultsAmong the 116 enrolled patients, 98 (84.5%) had middle and lower rectal cancers. Two (1.7%) patients underwent abdominoperineal resection with a sphincter preservation rate of 98.3%. Thirty-seven (31.9%) patients had a pathologic complete response (pCR). The circumferential resection margin and distal resection margin were positive in 2 (1.7%) and 1 (0.9%) patients, respectively. Therefore, the R0 resection rate was 97.4%. A total of 24 (22.4%) patients experienced postoperative relapse and 12 (10.3%) patients died; these were slightly more common in group B than in group A (28.8% vs 15.8% and 15.3% vs 5.3%, respectively; both P > 0.05); however, this difference was nonsignificant. Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 75% and 89%, respectively, among all patients. Non-significant trend of favorable 3-year DFS, 3-year OS, 3-year locoregional control rate and 3-year distant metastasis control rate were observed in group A compared with group B (all P > 0.05).ConclusionRobotic-assisted surgery after a longer interval is safe and feasible for patients with rectal cancer undergoing preoperative CCRT. The present study's results suggested that the time interval of 10-12 weeks can be considered because comparable clinical and perioperative outcomes and preferable oncological outcomes were observed for interval of this length. However, future prospective randomized clinical trials are required to verify the present finding.
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