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Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: Environmental factors that influence wheezing in early childhood in the developing world are not well understood and may be useful in predicting respiratory outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to determine the factors that can predict wheezing.Children from Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited at birth and episodes of wheezing were measured alongside nutritional, immunological and socioeconomic factors over a one-year period. Poisson Regression with variable selection was utilized to determine what factors were associated with wheezing.Elevated serum IL-10 (rate ratio (RR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-1.87), IL-1? (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.26-1.93) C-reactive protein (CRP) (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.93) in early life, and male gender (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27-1.82) predicted increased wheezing episodes. Conversely, increased fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-1.00) and family income (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99) were associated with a decreased number of episodes of wheezing.Systemic inflammation early in life, poverty, and male sex placed infants at risk of more episodes of wheezing during their first year of life. These results support the hypothesis that there is a link between inflammation in infancy and the development of respiratory illness later in life and provide specific biomarkers that can predict wheezing in a low-income country.

SUBMITTER: Burgess SL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4698242 | biostudies-other | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh.

Burgess Stacey L SL Lu Miao M Ma Jennie Z JZ Naylor Caitlin C Donowitz Jeffrey R JR Kirkpatrick Beth D BD Haque Rashidul R Petri William A WA

Respiratory medicine 20151122

<h4>Background</h4>Environmental factors that influence wheezing in early childhood in the developing world are not well understood and may be useful in predicting respiratory outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to determine the factors that can predict wheezing.<h4>Methods</h4>Children from Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited at birth and episodes of wheezing were measured alongside nutritional, immunological and socioeconomic factors over a one-year period. Poisson Regression with variable sel ...[more]

PMID: 26631486

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Project description:Pneumococcal pneumonia has decreased significantly since the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), nevertheless, in many developing countries pneumonia mortality in infants remains high. We have undertaken a study of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome during the first year of life in infants from The Philippines and South Africa. The study entailed the determination of the Streptococcus sp. carriage using a lytA qPCR assay, whole metagenomic sequencing, and in silico serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as 16S rRNA amplicon based community profiling. The lytA carriage in both populations increased with infant age and lytA+ samples ranged from 24 to 85% of the samples at each sampling time point. We next developed informatic tools for determining Streptococcus community composition and pneumococcal serotype from metagenomic sequences derived from a subset of longitudinal lytA-positive Streptococcus enrichment cultures from The Philippines (n = 26 infants, 50% vaccinated) and South African (n = 7 infants, 100% vaccinated). NP samples from infants were passaged in enrichment media, and metagenomic DNA was purified and sequenced. In silico capsular serotyping of these 51 metagenomic assemblies assigned known serotypes in 28 samples, and the co-occurrence of serotypes in 5 samples. Eighteen samples were not typeable using known serotypes but did encode for capsule biosynthetic cluster genes similar to non-encapsulated reference sequences. In addition, we performed metagenomic assembly and 16S rRNA amplicon profiling to understand co-colonization dynamics of Streptococcus sp. and other NP genera, revealing the presence of multiple Streptococcus species as well as potential respiratory pathogens in healthy infants. A range of virulence and drug resistant elements were identified as circulating in the NP microbiomes of these infants. This study revealed the frequent co-occurrence of multiple S. pneumoniae strains along with Streptococcus sp. and other potential pathogens such as S. aureus in the NP microbiome of these infants. In addition, the in silico serotype analysis proved powerful in determining the serotypes in S. pneumoniae carriage, and may lead to developing better targeted vaccines to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in these countries. These findings suggest that NP colonization by S. pneumoniae during the first years of life is a dynamic process involving multiple serotypes and species.

Dataset Information

Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh.

Publications

Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh.

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