Dataset Information

Young Females Exhibit Decreased Coronal Plane Postural Stability Compared to Young Males.

ABSTRACT: Female athletes are at significantly higher risk of noncontact ACL injury than males, particularly in pivoting sports such as soccer and basketball. Sex-based differences in proprioception and core stability may contribute to this elevated risk.This study evaluates a novel method of assessing dynamic stability to test the hypothesis that healthy adolescent controls have sex-based differences in postural stability.Seventy-nine male and 72 female subjects completed three rounds of dynamic postural stability testing. During the assessment, subjects attempted to stabilize their torso and upper body in response to random movements of the platform. The total time a subject lasted on the platform and dynamic motion analysis (DMA) score, a summation of motion in five planes throughout testing, was calculated for each subject. The average score for each subject was included in the analysis.Males lasted longer on the platform (98?±?14 s) than females (94?±?13 s) (p?=?0.04). Coronal plane and rotation stability differed significantly between genders (323?±?126 vs. 365?±?128, p?=?0.04) and (318?±?82 vs. 403?±?153, p?=?0.0002), respectively. No statistically significant difference was seen in the other planes of motion.Females have less dynamic postural stability than their male counterparts in the coronal plane based on a novel assessment tool. This finding may contribute to better understanding of sex-based differences in rates of injury such as noncontact ACL tears.

SUBMITTER: Brophy RH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4733701 | biostudies-other | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Young Females Exhibit Decreased Coronal Plane Postural Stability Compared to Young Males.

Brophy Robert H RH Staples Jonathon R JR Motley John J Blalock Ryan R Steger-May Karen K Halstead Mark M

HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery 20150729 1

<h4>Background</h4>Female athletes are at significantly higher risk of noncontact ACL injury than males, particularly in pivoting sports such as soccer and basketball. Sex-based differences in proprioception and core stability may contribute to this elevated risk.<h4>Questions/purpose</h4>This study evaluates a novel method of assessing dynamic stability to test the hypothesis that healthy adolescent controls have sex-based differences in postural stability.<h4>Methods</h4>Seventy-nine male and ...[more]

PMID: 26855624

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Conditioned pain modulation is a potential biomarker for risk of persistent pain. As early-life experience can alter subsequent somatosensory processing and pain response, we evaluated conditioned pain modulation after extremely preterm birth. METHODS:This observational study recruited extremely preterm (<26 weeks gestation; n=98) and term-born control (n=48) young adults (19-20 yr) from the longitudinal EPICure cohort. Pressure pain threshold (PPT; variable test stimulus lower leg) was measured before, during, and after a conditioning stimulus (contralateral hand immersion; 5°C water; 30 s). Questionnaires assessed current pain, medication use, anxiety, and pain catastrophising. RESULTS:For participants tolerating conditioning, there were significant main effects of extremely preterm status, sex, and time on PPT during and after hand immersion. Inhibitory modulation was evoked in 64/98 extremely preterm (3, no change) and 38/48 term-born control (3, facilitation) subjects. The conditioned pain modulation effect (percentage change in PPT) did not differ between the extremely preterm and term-born control groups {53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 41-65] vs 57% [95% CI: 42-71]}. Reduced cold tolerance (<20 s) hampered conditioned pain modulation quantification in a higher proportion of extremely preterm participants [extremely preterm vs term-born control: 31/98 (32%) vs 7/48 (15%); P=0.03]. One-third of extremely preterm females withdrew the hand before parallel PPT (<15 s), and had lower baseline PPT than term-born control females [4.9 (95% CI: 4.8-5.1) vs 5.3 (95% CI: 5.1-5.5) ln kPa; P=0.02]. Higher anxiety, pain catastrophising, and medication use correlated with pain intensity, but not conditioned pain modulation effect. CONCLUSIONS:Cold conditioning evoked inhibitory modulation in the majority of young adults and identified a subgroup of extremely preterm females with increased baseline sensitivity. Early-life experience and sex/gender should be considered when evaluating persistent pain risk with conditioned pain modulation.

Project description:The fibro-muscular architecture of the urogenital triangle remains contentious. Reasons are small size of the constituting structures and poor visibility with most imaging methods. We reinvestigated the area in serial sections of three males (21-38 years old) of the American and Chinese Visible Human Projects and two 26-week-old male fetuses, and compared the findings with earlier observations in females. The mass of the levator ani muscle was approximately twofold smaller and its funnel shape steeper in males than females. In the levator hiatus, a strand of the smooth longitudinal muscle layer of the rectum, the 'rectourethral (RU) muscle', extended anteriorly from the anorectal bend to the penile bulb. Fibrous tissue that formed in the inferior reach of the fetal RU muscle identified the location of the developing perineal body (PB) and divided the muscle into posterior 'rectoperineal' and anterior 'deep perineal' portions. In males, the PB remained small and bipartite, so that the RU muscle presented as an undivided midline structure. The well-developed female PB, instead, intertwined with the deep perineal muscle and both structures passed the vagina bilaterally to form the perineal membrane in the posterior portion of the urogenital triangle. The urethral rhabdosphincter extended in the anterior portion of the urogenital triangle between the penile bulb inferiorly and the bladder neck superiorly, and consisted of a well-developed circular 'membranous' portion with bilateral posteroinferior 'wings' and a thinner 'prostatic' portion on the prostate anterior side. In men, muscles occupy the urogenital triangle, but additional tightening of the locally fibrous adipose tissue by the superficial transverse perineal muscle appears necessary to generate functional support in women. An interactive 3D pdf file with these anatomical details (available online) should allow more accurate interpretation of ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.

Dataset Information

Young Females Exhibit Decreased Coronal Plane Postural Stability Compared to Young Males.

Publications

Young Females Exhibit Decreased Coronal Plane Postural Stability Compared to Young Males.

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