Reinforcing the foundations of ornithological nomenclature: Filling the gaps in Sherborn's and Richmond's historical legacy of bibliographic exploration.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dickinson EC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4741217 | biostudies-other | 2016
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:Neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may appear alone or combined with cognitive and neurological manifestations, are frequent in many brain dysfunctions or lesions due to vascular, traumatic, neurodegenerative, or systemic conditions. Throughout history, many of the most prominent names have contributed to the clinical definition of the currently recognized mental symptoms and syndromes. The present paper aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the development, from ancient to modern times, of some widely known concepts and constructs about such neuropsychiatric disorders.
| S-EPMC7500807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With an emphasis on systems analyses, the VSV-EBOVAC project harnesses state-of-the-art technologies that illuminate mechanisms behind the observed immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine and ensures that such information is shared among stakeholders.
| S-EPMC6858855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future.
| S-EPMC5308270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Seventeen years of archaeological and anthropological expeditions in North-Eastern Siberia (in the Sakha Republic, Yakutia) have permitted the genetic analysis of 150 ancient (15th-19th century) and 510 modern individuals. Almost all males were successfully analysed (Y-STR) and this allowed us to identify paternal lineages and their geographical expansion through time. This genetic data was confronted with mythological, historical and material evidence to establish the sequence of events that built the modern Yakut genetic diversity. We show that the ancient Yakuts recovered from this large collection of graves are not representative of an ancient population. Uncommonly, we were also able to demonstrate that the funerary preference observed here involved three specific male lineages, especially in the 18th century. Moreover, this dominance was likely caused by the Russian conquest of Siberia which allowed some male clans to rise to new levels of power. Finally, we give indications that some mythical and historical figures might have been the actors of those genetic changes. These results help us reconsider the genetic dynamics of colonization in some regions, question the distinction between fact and myth in national histories and provide a rare insight into a funerary ensemble by revealing the biased process of its composition.
| S-EPMC7567834 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Body fluid specimens other than serum, plasma or urine are generally not validated by manufacturers, but analysis of these non-standard fluids can be important for clinical diagnosis and management. Laboratories, therefore, rely on the published literature to better understand the validation and implementation of such tests. This study utilized a data-driven approach to determine the clinical reportable range for 11 analytes, evaluated a total bilirubin assay, and assessed interferences from hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia in non-standard fluids.Historical measurements in non-standard body fluids run on a Beckman Coulter DxC800 were used to optimize population-specific clinical reportable ranges for albumin, amylase, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride and urea nitrogen run on the Beckman Coulter AU680. For these 11 analytes, interference studies were performed by spiking hemolysate, bilirubin, or Intralipid® into abnormal serous fluids. Precision, accuracy, linearity, and stability of total bilirubin in non-standard fluids was evaluated on the Beckman Coulter AU680 analyzer.The historical non-standard fluid results indicated that in order to report a numeric result, 4 assays required no dilution, 5 assays required onboard dilutions and 2 assays required both onboard and manual dilutions. The AU680 total bilirubin assay is suitable for clinical testing of non-standard fluids. Interference studies revealed that of the 11 total AU680 analyte measurements on non-standard fluids, lipemia affected 1, icterus affected 3, and hemolysis affected 5.Chemistry analytes measured on the AU680 demonstrate acceptable analytical performance for non-standard fluids. Common endogenous interference from lipemia, icterus, and hemolysis (LIH) are observed and flagging rules based on LIH indices were developed to help improve the clinical interpretation of results.
| S-EPMC5574517 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Historical wheat landraces are rich sources of genetic diversity offering untapped reservoirs for broadening the genetic base of modern varieties. Using a 20K SNP array, we investigated the accessible genetic diversity in a Central European bread wheat landrace collection with great drought, heat stress tolerance and higher tillering capacity. We discovered distinct differences in the number of average polymorphisms between landraces and modern wheat cultivars, and identified a set of novel rare alleles present at low frequencies in the landrace collection. The detected polymorphisms were unevenly distributed along the wheat genome, and polymorphic markers co-localized with genes of great agronomic importance. The geographical distribution of the inferred Bayesian clustering revealed six genetically homogenous ancestral groups among the collection, where the Central European core bared an admixed background originating from four ancestral groups. We evaluated the effective population sizes (Ne) of the Central European collection and assessed changes in diversity over time, which revealed a dramatic ~ 97% genetic erosion between 1955 and 2015.
| S-EPMC8668957 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study is to illustrate the historical development of reirradiation during several decades of the 20th century, in particular between 1920 and 1960.We chose the format of a narrative review because the historical articles are heterogeneous. No systematic extraction of baseline data, treatment details, or follow-up care was possible in many cases.Both hematological malignancies and solid tumors were treated with a second course of radiation therapy, and indications included local relapse, regional nodal recurrence, and second primary tumors developing in a previously treated region. The literature consists of retrospective single-institution analyses describing treatment approaches that included external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, or combinations thereof. Data on toxicities and survival were often provided. Breast cancer and gynecological, head and neck, brain, and skin tumors are among the entities included in this review.The leading pioneers in the field are fully aware of many of the challenges we continue to debate today. These include the process of late tissue changes and development of personalized treatment approaches and better ways to select patients who are likely to benefit from a second course of radiation therapy.
| S-EPMC5514242 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND: The application of high-throughput genomic tools in nutrition research is a widespread practice. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the outcome of individual expression studies is insufficient for the comprehensive understanding of such a complex field. Currently, the availability of the large amounts of expression data in public repositories has opened up new challenges on microarray data analyses. We have focused on PPARalpha, a ligand-activated transcription factor functioning as fatty acid sensor controlling the gene expression regulation of a large set of genes in various metabolic organs such as liver, small intestine or heart. The function of PPARalpha is strictly connected to the function of its target genes and, although many of these have already been identified, major elements of its physiological function remain to be uncovered. To further investigate the function of PPARalpha, we have applied a cross-species meta-analysis approach to integrate sixteen microarray datasets studying high fat diet and PPARalpha signal perturbations in different organisms. RESULTS: We identified 164 genes (MDEGs) that were differentially expressed in a constant way in response to a high fat diet or to perturbations in PPARs signalling. In particular, we found five genes in yeast which were highly conserved and homologous of PPARalpha targets in mammals, potential candidates to be used as models for the equivalent mammalian genes. Moreover, a screening of the MDEGs for all known transcription factor binding sites and the comparison with a human genome-wide screening of Peroxisome Proliferating Response Elements (PPRE), enabled us to identify, 20 new potential candidate genes that show, both binding site, both change in expression in the condition studied. Lastly, we found a non random localization of the differentially expressed genes in the genome. CONCLUSION: The results presented are potentially of great interest to resume the currently available expression data, exploiting the power of in silico analysis filtered by evolutionary conservation. The analysis enabled us to indicate potential gene candidates that could fill in the gaps with regards to the signalling of PPARalpha and, moreover, the non-random localization of the differentially expressed genes in the genome, suggest that epigenetic mechanisms are of importance in the regulation of the transcription operated by PPARalpha.
| S-EPMC2801700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Academic screening centers across the world have endeavored to discover small molecules that can modulate biological systems. To increase the reach of functional-genomic and chemical screening programs, universities, research institutes, and governments have followed their industrial counterparts in adopting high-throughput paradigms. As academic screening efforts have steadily grown in scope and complexity, so have the ideas of what is possible with the union of technology and biology. This review addresses the recent conceptual and technological innovation that has been propelling academic screening into its own unique niche. In particular, high-content and whole-organism screening are changing how academics search for novel bioactive compounds. Importantly, we recognize examples of successful chemical probe development that have punctuated the changing technology landscape.
| S-EPMC3719966 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Insufficient and irregular data reports on Leishmaniasis, issuing from the developing world, have left much to be desired in terms of understanding the molecular signatures producing distinct infectious phenotypes of the disease. Herein, we report on the complete genome sequencing of Leishmania naiffi and Leishmania guyanensis, sampled from patients in regions of Colombia and Venezuela. In this study, the isolates of cutaneous lesions from both species presented limited structural variation at the chromosomal level, low gene copy number variation, and high genetic heterogeneity. We compared these sequences to the reference genomes hitherto related from Brazil and French Guyana. Although of the same species, we note a consequential genomic disparity between the Venezuelan and French Guyanese isolates of L. guyanensis. Although less significant on the global schema of cutaneous and mucosal disease, such genomic studies of L. naiffi and L. guyanensis substantiate the gaps in understanding of the molecular architecture and multivariate clinical pictures of Leishmaniasis, on an international scale.
| S-EPMC8727957 | biostudies-literature