Dataset Information

Polymorphisms involving gain or loss of CpG sites are significantly enriched in trait-associated SNPs.

ABSTRACT: Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence the existence of CpG sites, the basis of DNA modification such as methylation and hydroxymethylation. These polymorphisms can lead to gain or loss of CpG sites and were defined as CpG site related SNPs (cgSNPs) in this study. The cgSNPs change DNA sequence and might potentially affect DNA modification such as methylation. However, the functional consequence of cgSNPs is poorly understood. We observed that a considerable proportion (23.0%) of common variants were cgSNPs in human genome. Mutations involving loss of CpG sites were associated with reduced levels of methylation (~20.2%) using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Using public databases (SCAN and seeQTL) of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), we found that the cgSNPs were significantly enriched in eQTLs via logistic regression and simulation test. Furthermore, we observed that cgSNPs were more likely to be trait-associated loci especially cancers using a catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) recorded by National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). Our results indicated that cgSNP might be meaningful as annotation either in SNP functional prediction or in screening for trait-associated SNPs.

SUBMITTER: Zhou D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4741875 | biostudies-other | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Polymorphisms involving gain or loss of CpG sites are significantly enriched in trait-associated SNPs.

Zhou Dan D Li Zhenli Z Yu Dan D Wan Ledong L Zhu Yimin Y Lai Maode M Zhang Dandan D

Oncotarget 20151101 37

Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence the existence of CpG sites, the basis of DNA modification such as methylation and hydroxymethylation. These polymorphisms can lead to gain or loss of CpG sites and were defined as CpG site related SNPs (cgSNPs) in this study. The cgSNPs change DNA sequence and might potentially affect DNA modification such as methylation. However, the functional consequence of cgSNPs is poorly understood. We observed that a considerable proportion (23.0%) of ...[more]

PMID: 26503467

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes, and there is a growing awareness of CNV's potential as a major source for heritable variation in complex traits. Genomic selection is a newly developed tool based on the estimation of breeding values for quantitative traits through the use of genome-wide genotyping of SNPs. Over 30,000 Holstein bulls have been genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip, which includes 54,001 SNPs (~SNP/50,000 bp), some of which fall within CNV regions. RESULTS: We used the BeadChip data obtained for 912 Israeli bulls to investigate the effects of CNV on SNP calls. For each of the SNPs, we estimated the frequencies of occurrence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and of gain, based either on deviation from the expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) or on signal intensity (SI) using the PennCNV "detect" option. Correlations between LOH/CNV frequencies predicted by the two methods were low (up to r = 0.08). Nevertheless, 418 locations displayed significantly high frequencies by both methods. Efficiency of designating large genomic clusters of olfactory receptors as CNVs was 29%. Frequency values for copy loss were distinguishable in non-autosomal regions, indicating misplacement of a region in the current BTA7 map. Analysis of BTA18 placed major quantitative trait loci affecting net merit in the US Holstein population in regions rich in segmental duplications and CNVs. Enrichment of transporters in CNV loci suggested their potential effect on milk-production traits. CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of HWE and PennCNV analyses allowed estimating LOH/CNV frequencies, and combining the two methods yielded more sensitive detection of inherited CNVs and better estimation of their possible effects on cattle genetics. Although this approach was more effective than methodologies previously applied in cattle, it has severe limitations. Thus the number of CNVs reported here for the Holstein breed may represent as little as one-tenth of inherited common structural variation.

Dataset Information

Polymorphisms involving gain or loss of CpG sites are significantly enriched in trait-associated SNPs.

Publications

Polymorphisms involving gain or loss of CpG sites are significantly enriched in trait-associated SNPs.

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