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The Taxonomic Significance of ducts in the corolla lobes of Vernonia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae).

ABSTRACT: The multiple longitudinal ducts in the corolla lobes found in the closely related genera Vernonia, Vernonanthura and Trepadonia are microscopically studied and illustrated. The lack of such ducts in the two South American species that have until now been retained in Vernonia indicates that they should probably be excluded from the genus.

SUBMITTER: Robinson H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4743011 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Bacteria have developed resistance to most of the current antibiotics. There is evidence suggesting that plant-derived compounds have a potential for interacting with biological processes. One of the plants commonly used in African ethnomedicine is Vernonia adoensis from the Asteraceae family. The leaves of the plant have been reported to have antimicrobial activity. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate the bioactive compounds from the leaf extract and evaluate their antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the effect of the isolated compound on biofilms of P. aeruginosa was determined. METHODS:Isolation of phytochemicals from the leaves of V. adoensis was done using column chromatography. Preparative TLC was used to further isolate mixed compounds in the fractions. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry was used to identify the isolated pure compounds. The broth microdilution assay was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the isolated compound on P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. Crystal violet staining technique was used to evaluate the effect of the isolated compound on biofilms of P. aeruginosa. RESULTS:The compound isolated from V. adoensis was identified as chondrillasterol. Chondrillasterol exhibited 25, 38 and 65% inhibition of growth on S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa respectively. At 1.6??g/mL chondrillasterol completely disrupted mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa while at 100??g/mL the compound completely inhibited formation of biofilms of the bacteria. CONCLUSION:Chondrillasterol isolated from V. adoensis has antibacterial properties against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The compound also has biofilm inhibition and disruption activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Thus, the active phytochemical could be a useful template for the development of new antimicrobial agents with both antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.

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The Taxonomic Significance of ducts in the corolla lobes of Vernonia (Vernonieae: Asteraceae).

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