Advanced intermediate temperature sodium-nickel chloride batteries with ultra-high energy density.

ABSTRACT: Sodium-metal halide batteries have been considered as one of the more attractive technologies for stationary electrical energy storage, however, they are not used for broader applications despite their relatively well-known redox system. One of the roadblocks hindering market penetration is the high-operating temperature. Here we demonstrate that planar sodium-nickel chloride batteries can be operated at an intermediate temperature of 190?°C with ultra-high energy density. A specific energy density of 350?Wh?kg(-1), higher than that of conventional tubular sodium-nickel chloride batteries (280?°C), is obtained for planar sodium-nickel chloride batteries operated at 190?°C over a long-term cell test (1,000 cycles), and it attributed to the slower particle growth of the cathode materials at the lower operating temperature. Results reported here demonstrate that planar sodium-nickel chloride batteries operated at an intermediate temperature could greatly benefit this traditional energy storage technology by improving battery energy density, cycle life and reducing material costs.

SUBMITTER: Li G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4753253 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other