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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3 (ACE3) Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy.

ABSTRACT: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 3 (ACE3) is a recently defined homolog of ACE. However, the pathophysiological function of ACE3 is largely unknown. Here, we aim to explore the role of ACE3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with gain and loss of function of ACE3 and mice with global knockout or cardiac-specific overexpression of ACE3 were used in this study. In cultured cardiomyocytes, ACE3 conferred protection against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophic growth. Cardiac hypertrophy in mice was induced by aortic banding (AB) and the extent of hypertrophy was analyzed through echocardiographic, pathological, and molecular analyses. Our data demonstrated that ACE3-deficient mice exhibited more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and a strong decrease in cardiac contractile function, conversely, cardiac-specific ACE3-overexpressing mice displayed an attenuated hypertrophic phenotype, compared with control mice, respectively. Analyses of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that ACE3-mediated protection against cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-regulated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling, which was further evidenced by the observation that inhibition of the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling by U0126 rescued the exacerbated hypertrophic phenotype in ACE3-deficient mice.Our comprehensive analyses suggest that ACE3 inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by blocking the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

SUBMITTER: Yu CJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4802478 | biostudies-other | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Aerobic exercise confers sustainable protection against cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to play an important role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection, but the mechanism of NOS/NO stimulation during exercise remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the role of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), NOS activation, and NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrosothiols) in the sustained cardioprotective effects of aerobic exercise. An HF model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Animals were treated with either moderate aerobic exercise by swimming for 9 weeks and/or the β3-AR-specific inhibitor SR59230A at 0.1 mg/kg/hour one day after TAC operation. Myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, plasma catecholamine (CA) level, cardiac function and geometry were assessed using Masson's trichrome staining, FITC-labeled wheat germ agglutinin staining, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and echocardiography, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the expression of target proteins. The concentration of myocardial NO production was evaluated using the nitrate reductase method. Myocardial oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the concentration of myocardial super oxidative dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aerobic exercise training improved dilated left ventricular function and partially attenuated the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in TAC mice. Moreover, the increased expression of β3-AR, activation of neuronal NOS (nNOS), and production of NO were detected after aerobic exercise training in TAC mice. However, selective inhibition of β3-AR by SR59230A abolished the upregulation and activation of nNOS induced NO production. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training decreased the myocardial ROS and MDA contents and increased myocardial levels of SOD; both effects were partially attenuated by SR59230A. Our study suggested that aerobic exercise training could improve cardiac systolic function and alleviate LV chamber dilation, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in HF mice. The mechanism responsible for the protective effects of aerobic exercise is associated with the activation of the β3-AR-nNOS-NO pathway.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3 (ACE3) Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy.

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