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Dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen fixation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

ABSTRACT: SummaryThe production of hydrogen (H) is an inherent component of biological dinitrogen (N) fixation, and there have been several studies quantifying H production relative to N fixation in cultures of diazotrophs. However, conducting the relevant measurements for a field population is more complex as shown by this study of N fixation, H consumption and dissolved H concentrations in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Measurements of H oxidation revealed microbial consumption of H was equivalent to 1–7% of ethylene produced during the acetylene reduction assay and 11–63% of N assimilation on a molar scale. Varying abundances of C and T as revealed by H gene abundances broadly corresponded with diel changes observed in both N fixation and H oxidation. However, no corresponding changes were observed in the dissolved H concentrations which remained consistently supersaturated (147–560%) relative to atmospheric equilibrium. The results from this field study allow the efficiency of H cycling by natural populations of diazotrophs to be compared to cultured representatives. The findings indicate that dissolved H concentrations may depend not only on the community composition of diazotrophs but also upon relevant environmental parameters such as light intensity or the presence of other H‐metabolizing microorganisms.

SUBMITTER: Wilson ST

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4809409 | biostudies-other | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:The summertime North Pacific subtropical gyre has widespread phytoplankton blooms between Hawaii and the subtropical front (?30°N) that appear as chlorophyll (chl) increases in satellite ocean color data. Nitrogen-fixing diatom symbioses (diatom-diazotroph associations: DDAs) often increase 10(2)-10(3) fold in these blooms and contribute to elevated export flux. In 2008 and 2009, two cruises targeted satellite chlorophyll blooms to examine DDA species abundance, chlorophyll concentration, biogenic silica concentration, and hydrography. Generalized observations that DDA blooms occur when the mixed layer depth is < 70 m are supported, but there is no consistent relationship between mixed layer depth, bloom intensity, or composition; regional blooms between 22-34°N occur within a broader temperature range (21-26°C) than previously reported. In both years, the Hemiaulus-Richelia and Rhizosolenia-Richelia DDAs increased 10(2)-10(3) over background concentrations within satellite-defined bloom features. The two years share a common trend of Hemiaulus dominance of the DDAs and substantial increases in the >10 µm chl a fraction (?40-90+% of total chl a). Integrated diatom abundance varied 10-fold over <10 km. Biogenic silica concentration tracked diatom abundance, was dominated by the >10 µm size fraction, and increased up to 5-fold in the blooms. The two years differed in the magnitude of the surface chl a increase (2009>2008), the abundance of pennate diatoms within the bloom (2009>2008), and the substantially greater mixed layer depth in 2009. Only the 2009 bloom had sufficient chl a in the >10 µm fraction to produce the observed ocean color chl increase. Blooms had high spatial variability; ocean color images likely average over numerous small events over time and space scales that exceed the individual event scale. Summertime DDA export flux noted at the Hawaii time-series Sta. ALOHA is probably a generalized feature of the eastern N. Pacific north to the subtropical front.

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Dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen fixation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

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