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Chemical Composition and Food Potential of Pachymerus nucleorum Larvae Parasitizing Acrocomia aculeata Kernels.

ABSTRACT: Insect consumption as food is culturally practiced in various regions of the world. In Brazil, there are more than 130 species of edible insects registered, from nine orders, among which stands out the Coleoptera. The larva of the beetle Pachymerus nucleorum Fabricius, 1792, grows into the bocaiuva fruit (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart., 1845), which has proven nutritional quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritional potential of P. nucleorum larvae compared to bocaiuva kernels for human consumption. Proteins were the second largest portion of the larvae nutritional composition (33.13%), with percentage higher than the bocaiuva kernels (14.21%). The larval lipid content (37.87%) was also high, very close to the kernels (44.96%). The fraction corresponding to fatty acids in the oil extracted from the larvae was 40.17% for the saturated and 46.52% for the unsaturated. The antioxidant activity value was 24.3 uM trolox/g of oil extracted from larvae. The larvae tryptic activity was 0.032±0.006 nmol BAPNA/min. Both the larvae and the bocaiuva kernel presented absence of anti-nutritional factors. These results favor the use of P. nucleorum larvae as food, which are a great protein and lipid sources with considerable concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids compared to the bocaiuva kernel.

SUBMITTER: Alves AV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4816322 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:The changes of protein expression that are monitored in proteomic experiments are a type of biological transformation that also involves changes in chemical composition. Accompanying the myriad molecular-level interactions that underlie any proteomic transformation, there is an overall thermodynamic potential that is sensitive to microenvironmental conditions, including local oxidation and hydration potential. Here, up- and down-expressed proteins identified in 71 comparative proteomics studies were analyzed using the average oxidation state of carbon (ZC) and water demand per residue ([Formula: see text]), calculated using elemental abundances and stoichiometric reactions to form proteins from basis species. Experimental lowering of oxygen availability (hypoxia) or water activity (hyperosmotic stress) generally results in decreased ZC or [Formula: see text] of up-expressed compared to down-expressed proteins. This correspondence of chemical composition with experimental conditions provides evidence for attraction of the proteomes to a low-energy state. An opposite compositional change, toward higher average oxidation or hydration state, is found for proteomic transformations in colorectal and pancreatic cancer, and in two experiments for adipose-derived stem cells. Calculations of chemical affinity were used to estimate the thermodynamic potentials for proteomic transformations as a function of fugacity of O2 and activity of H2O, which serve as scales of oxidation and hydration potential. Diagrams summarizing the relative potential for formation of up- and down-expressed proteins have predicted equipotential lines that cluster around particular values of oxygen fugacity and water activity for similar datasets. The changes in chemical composition of proteomes are likely linked with reactions among other cellular molecules. A redox balance calculation indicates that an increase in the lipid to protein ratio in cancer cells by 20% over hypoxic cells would generate a large enough electron sink for oxidation of the cancer proteomes. The datasets and computer code used here are made available in a new R package, canprot.

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Chemical Composition and Food Potential of Pachymerus nucleorum Larvae Parasitizing Acrocomia aculeata Kernels.

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