MMPI-2 Profile of French Transsexuals: The Role of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. A cross-sectional design.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bonierbale M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4828665 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological studies about acute poisoning are useful for developing clinical toxicology, especially those carried out in hospital emergency departments. We aimed to evaluate acute intoxication clinical and sociodemographic profile in South Aragon Hospital, Spain.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study. We included 442 patients treated for acute poisoning in the emergency department during the 3 years 2015-2018. In the inferential analysis, the Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare ranges. A confidence level of 95 per cent was considered in all tests.ResultsThe mean age was 44.1 years. 57.2% were men. Drugs of abuse were present in 243 patients (55%), drugs in 172 (38.9%), chemicals in 57 (12.9%) and three patients (0.7%) were poisoned by mushrooms. Nine different drugs of abuse, 73 drugs, 15 chemical compounds and 2 varieties of mushrooms were registered. Of the intoxicated patients, 92.3% had symptoms, 84.2% received treatment and 78.7% were discharged from the emergency department.ConclusionsWe obtain a clear clinical and sociodemographic profile of intoxicated patients who come to the emergency department; the five toxins that cause most acute poisoning are: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antiarrhythmics, cannabis and carbon monoxide.
| S-EPMC9628748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is an increasingly popular leisure activity among young people in Iran. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of sociodemographic factors associated with WPS among male adolescents in Iran. METHODS:The study used a cross-sectional design. It included 730 high school male students (Grades 10-12) recruited through multistage random sampling conducted in 2017 in Hamadan city, western Iran. The self-administered questionnaires included information on demographic variables and behavioral risk factors related to WPS. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression modeling were conducted using SPSS. RESULTS:The student mean age, and standard deviation (SD), and age at WPS initiation were 16.41 (0.84) and 13.31 (2.43) years, respectively. The percentages of never, former and current WPS were 37.3%, 36.4% and 26.3%, respectively. We found that ever cigarette smoking (OR=5.14, 95% CI: 2.56-10.32) and WPS family (OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.40-4.64) were significantly associated with former WPS. Furthermore, being 18 years, studying in technical fields, reporting ever and current smoking of cigarettes and family usage of WP were significantly associated with current WPS. Friends with WPS (OR= 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.72) however played a protective role on former WPS. CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that the prevalence of former and current WPS was high in Hamadan city. Thus, designing and implementing interventions for increasing students', friends' and family's awareness regarding the harms of WPS and cigarette smoking are necessary to facilitate behavior change.
| S-EPMC6659475 | biostudies-other
Project description:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the most frequent causes of mortality in Poland. To date, no study in Poland has attempted to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the utilization of all recommended preventive services for these diseases. To address this challenge, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted. One thousand adults aged 18 years or older were interviewed using computer-assisted telephone surveys conducted via random selection. A representative population was obtained in accordance with existing demographics per voivodeship in Poland. We assessed whether factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), net income, household size, place of residence, and education impacted the odds ratio of utilizing recommended preventive services for CVD and cancer. We determined that elderly patients receive influenza vaccination, measure blood pressure, PSA concentration, glucose and lipid profiles, and undergo colonoscopy and mammography more often than younger counterparts. Men were more often influenza vaccinated (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.27) than women, while women measured blood glucose more often than men (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93). Furthermore, net income < 2000 PLN, BMI < 24 kg/m2 and at least secondary education level were found to be crucial predictors of undergoing mammography (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.26-3.72), cervical smear tests (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17), and lipid measurements (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.91), respectively. Educating people and financial support seem to play a crucial role in implementing novel campaigns and preventive programs in Poland. Addressing each significant factor may be of paramount importance in improving the receipt of preventive services and warranting greater preventive care coverage in the Polish population.
| S-EPMC8701877 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Malaria is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Mozambique with little progress in malaria control over the past 20 years. Sussundenga is one of most affected areas. Malaria transmission has a strong association with environmental and sociodemographic factors. The knowledge of sociodemographic factors that affects malaria, may be used to improve the strategic planning for its control. Currently such studies have not been performed in Sussundenga. Thus, the objective of this study is to model the relationship between malaria and sociodemographic factors in Sussundenga, Mozambique. Methods: Houses in the study area were digitalized and enumerated using Google Earth Pro version 7.3. In this study 100 houses were randomly selected to conduct a community survey of Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). During the survey, a questionnaire was conducted to assess the sociodemographic factors of the participants. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and backward stepwise logistic regression was performed establishing a relationship between positive cases and the factors. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 package. Results: The overall P. falciparum prevalence was 31.6%. Half of the malaria positive cases occurred in age group 5 to 14 years. Previous malaria treatment, population density and age group were significant predictors for the model. The model explained 13.5% of the variance in malaria positive cases and sensitivity of the final model was 73.3%. Conclusion: In this area the highest burden of P. falciparum infection was among those aged 5-14 years old. Malaria infection was related to sociodemographic factors. Targeting malaria control at community level can combat the disease more effectively than waiting for cases at health centers. These finding can be used to guide more effective interventions in this region.
| S-EPMC9131438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHealth experts agree that widespread use of safe and effective vaccines will rapidly contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The big question is whether these vaccines can easily be accepted by their end-users. Our study aimed at determining sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of vaccines and clinical trials of COVID-19 in western Uganda.MethodA simplified snowball sampling technique was used to select 1067 respondents of 18-70 years in western Uganda using an online questionnaire from July to September 2020. Vaccine acceptability and risk perception were assessed using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval in R software version 3.6.3.ResultsThere were 1067 participants in the study. The majority were males (73.2%) and age group 31-40 years (32.6%). The acceptance rate for COVID-19 vaccination was (53.6%; 572/1067) with those aged 18-20 years, males, elites at tertiary level of education (degree or diploma), students, Muslims, married, non-salary earners and rural dwellers having better odds and likeliness to accept vaccination. Only 44.6% (476/1067) showed interest in clinical trials among which; males, primary school leavers, students, Christians, un-married, respondents who didn't earn any salary and rural dwellers had better odds and likelihood to participate in clinical trials.ConclusionThere was a low level of vaccine acceptance and clinical trial interest in western Uganda. Minority groups in the study i.e., Muslims, students, primary school leavers, un-married rural dwellers among others showed more interest in vaccination and clinical trials. We anticipated fears in the larger part of this community that health experts need to address through reassurance of the community that vaccines are tested and that they are safe and important if we are to rapidly contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
| S-EPMC8190743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to assess whether adherence to annual clinical skin monitoring is dependent on patient sociodemographic characteristics or personality traits. DESIGN:The study was a questionnaire survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:Data were collected between February and April 2013 in a sample of 1000 patients at high risk of melanoma who participated in a pilot-targeted screening programme in western France. OUTCOME MEASURES:Sociodemographic data, overall anxiety level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire), locus of control (Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale) and levels of anxiety specifically associated with screening and melanoma were collected. Actual participation in the skin monitoring examination was reported by 78 general practitioner investigators. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software. Factors associated with non-adherence were identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS:Our analysis included 687 responses (526 adherent patients and 161 non-adherent patients). Non-adherence was higher in younger patients and in men (OR=0.63 (0.41-0.99)). Viewing health status as dependent on external persons (OR=0.90, 95%?CI 0.83 to 0.97) or determined by chance (OR=0.89, 95%?CI 0.80 to 0.98) and overall anxiety (OR=0.98, 95%?CI 0.97 to 0.99) were also factors associated with non-adherence. In contrast, there was no link between anxiety specifically associated with the screening performed or melanoma and patient adherence to monitoring. Adherence was higher in married patients (OR=1.68 95%?CI 1.08 to 2.60). CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that sociodemographic and psychological characteristics should be considered when including patients at elevated risk of melanoma in a targeted screening programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT01610531; Post-results.
| S-EPMC5640064 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly becoming leading causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to high-income countries, the sociodemographic distribution, including socioeconomic inequalities, of NCDs and their risk factors is unclear in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among rural populations. METHODS:We undertook a cross-sectional population-based survey of 7809 residents aged 13 years or older in the General Population Cohort in south-western rural Uganda. Information on behavioural, physiological and biochemical risk factors was obtained using standardized methods as recommended by the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. Socioeconomic status (SES) was determined by principal component analysis including household features, ownership, and occupation and education of the head of household. RESULTS:SES was found to be associated with NCD risk factors in this rural population. Smoking, alcohol consumption (men only) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were more common among those of lower SES. For example, the prevalence of smoking decreased 4-fold from the lowest to the highest SES groups, from 22.0% to 5.7% for men and 2.2% to 0.4% for women, respectively. In contrast, overweight, raised blood pressure, raised HbA1c (women only) and raised cholesterol were more common among those of higher SES. For example, the prevalence of overweight increased 5-fold from 2.1% to 10.1% for men, and 2-fold from 12.0% to 23.4% for women, from the lowest to highest SES groups respectively. However, neither low physical activity nor fruit, vegetable or staples consumption was associated with SES. Furthermore, associations between NCD risk factors and SES were modified by age and sex. CONCLUSIONS:Within this rural population, NCD risk factors are common and vary both inversely and positively across the SES gradient. A better understanding of the determinants of the sociodemographic distribution of NCDs and their risk factors in rural sub-Saharan African populations will help identify populations at most risk of developing NCDs and help plan interventions to reduce their burden.
| S-EPMC4234905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate the sociodemographic patterning of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural India.DesignCross sectional study.SettingAbout 1600 villages from 18 states in India. Most were from four large states due to a convenience sampling strategy.Participants1983 (31% women) people aged 20-69 years (49% response rate).Main outcome measuresPrevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, obesity, central adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and underweight.ResultsPrevalence of most risk factors increased with age. Tobacco and alcohol use, low intake of fruit and vegetables, and underweight were more common in lower socioeconomic positions; whereas obesity, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes (men only) and hypertension (women only) were more prevalent in higher socioeconomic positions. For example, 37% (95% CI 30% to 44%) of men smoked tobacco in the lowest socioeconomic group compared with 15% (12% to 17%) in the highest, while 35% (30% to 40%) of women in the highest socioeconomic group were obese compared with 13% (7% to 19%) in the lowest. The age standardised prevalence of some risk factors was: tobacco use (40% (37% to 42%) men, 4% (3% to 6%) women); low fruit and vegetable intake (69% (66% to 71%) men, 75% (71% to 78%) women); obesity (19% (17% to 21%) men, 28% (24% to 31%) women); dyslipidaemia (33% (31% to 36%) men, 35% (31% to 38%) women); hypertension (20% (18% to 22%) men, 22% (19% to 25%) women); diabetes (6% (5% to 7%) men, 5% (4% to 7%) women); and underweight (21% (19% to 23%) men, 18% (15% to 21%) women). Risk factors were generally more prevalent in south Indians compared with north Indians. For example, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 21% (17% to 33%) in north Indian men compared with 33% (29% to 38%) in south Indian men, while the prevalence of obesity was 13% (9% to 17%) in north Indian women compared with 24% (19% to 30%) in south Indian women.ConclusionsThe prevalence of most risk factors was generally high across a range of sociodemographic groups in this sample of rural villagers in India; in particular, the prevalence of tobacco use in men and obesity in women was striking. However, given the limitations of the study (convenience sampling design and low response rate), cautious interpretation of the results is warranted. These data highlight the need for careful monitoring and control of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural areas of India.
| S-EPMC2946988 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionBrucellosis is the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide and a common public health problem in Nepal. Because of the highly variable clinical presentation and non-specific manifestations, it remains a big challenge for clinicians from developing countries. Brucellosis has a tropism for the reticuloendothelial system, the liver is frequently involved. There is a paucity of data about the laboratory and clinical findings of human Brucellosis from Nepal. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted this study to find out the clinical profile and biochemical abnormalities of patients with brucellosis at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in western Nepal.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. All patients admitted to the in-patient department of our hospital with probable or definitive diagnoses of brucellosis were included. We excluded those who did not consent to their participation in our study, those who were under 18 years of age, and those who had deranged liver function due to other pre-existing illnesses. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in terms of demography, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters.ResultsThere was a total of 40 confirmed cases of Brucellosis (age: 18-66 years) during the study period. More than half (55%, n = 22) of the study participants were males and most of them lived in a rural setting (77.5%, n = 31). Most of them (70%, n = 28) gave history of ingestion of high-risk food. The commonest clinical findings were fever with/out chills (90%, n = 36) followed by nausea/vomiting (72.5%, n = 29), headache (40%, n = 16) and malaise (37.5, n = 15). Liver function was deranged in a majority of the patients, the common parameters being Alkaline phosphatase in 96% (n = 38) cases, followed by SGOT (62.5%, n = 25), leukocytosis (57.5%, n = 23), total bilirubin (52.5%, n = 21) and SGPT (37.5%, n = 15). Characteristic increment (more than two folds of the upper limit of normal) was observed for alkaline phosphatase.ConclusionThe reticuloendothelial system is frequently involved in brucellosis. Notable changes were observed in liver function and hematological parameters in a majority of the participants in our study. These findings highlight the need for the implementation of effective control programs to address this problem in the Nepalese context.
| S-EPMC9289301 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence has been rising in low- and middle-income countries. The current study describes HTN prevalence in central Mozambique, association between wealth and blood pressure (BP), and HTN monitoring and diagnosis practice among individuals with elevated BP.MethodsThe study used data from a cross-sectional, representative household survey conducted in Manica and Sofala provinces, Mozambique. There were 4101 respondents, aged ?20?years. We measured average systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) from three measurements taken in the household setting. Elevated BP was defined as having either SBP ?140 or DBP ?90?mmHg.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 36.7?years old, 59.9% were women, and 72.5% were from rural areas. Adjusting for complex survey weights, 15.7% (95%CI: 14.0 to 17.4) of women and 16.1% (13.9 to 18.5) of men had elevated BP, and 7.5% (95% CI: 6.4 to 8.7) of the overall population had both SBP ?140 and DBP ?90?mmHg. Among participants with elevated BP, proportions of participants who had previous BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were both low (34.9% (95% CI: 30.0 to 40.1) and 12.2% (9.9 to 15.0) respectively). Prior BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were more commonly reported among hypertensive participants with secondary or higher education, from urban areas, and with highest relative wealth. In adjusted models, wealth was positively associated with higher SBP and DBP.ConclusionsThe current study found evidence of positive association between wealth and BP. The prevalence of elevated BP was lower in Manica and Sofala provinces than the previously estimated national prevalence. Previous BP screening and HTN diagnosis were uncommon in our study population, especially among rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those with relatively less wealth. As the epidemiological transition advances in Mozambique, there is a need to develop and implement strategies to increase BP screening and deliver appropriate clinical services, as well as to encourage lifestyle changes among people at risk of developing hypertension in near future.
| S-EPMC7709228 | biostudies-literature