Interarm differences in systolic blood pressure and the risk of dementia and subclinical brain injury.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pase MP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4841714 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Publications
Interarm differences in systolic blood pressure and the risk of dementia and subclinical brain injury.
Pase Matthew P MP Beiser Alexa A Aparicio Hugo H DeCarli Charles C Vasan Ramachandran S RS Murabito Joanne J Seshadri Sudha S
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 20151102 4
<h4>Introduction</h4>This study examined whether interarm differences in systolic blood pressure (IDSBP) ≥10 mm Hg were associated with the risk of incident dementia and subclinical brain injury.<h4>Methods</h4>Between 1992 and 1998, 2063 participants of the Framingham Heart Study underwent assessment of IDSBP with results related to the 10-year risk of incident dementia including clinically characterized Alzheimer's disease. Secondary outcomes included markers of subclinical brain injury on mag ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine whether orthostatic hypotension (OHYPO) and visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) postural changes variability are associated with incident dementia.MethodsWe studied 2,131 older adults from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition cohort study. Orthostatic BP was repeatedly assessed over a 5-year baseline period. OHYPO was defined as a fall ≥15 mm Hg in systolic or ≥7 mm Hg in diastolic BP after standing from a sitting position for one-third or more of the visits. Systolic OHYPO and diastolic OHYPO were also examined separately. BP postural changes variability over time was evaluated with several indicators, including SD and coefficient of variation (CV). Incident dementia was determined over 12 years after the baseline period by dementia medication use, ≥1.5 SD decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, or hospitalization records.ResultsOf 2,131 participants (mean age 73 years, 53% female, 39% Black), 309 (14.5%) had OHYPO, 192 (9.0%) had systolic OHYPO, 132 (6.2%) had diastolic OHYPO, and 462 (21.7%) developed dementia. After adjustment for demographics, seated systolic BP (SBP), antihypertensive drugs, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depressive symptoms, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and presence of 1 or 2 APOE ε4 alleles, systolic OHYPO was associated with greater dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.88), unlike diastolic OHYPO and OHYPO. SBP postural changes variability was also associated with higher dementia risk (highest tertile of variability [CV]: adjusted HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.71).ConclusionSystolic OHYPO and visit-to-visit SBP postural changes variability were associated with greater dementia risk. Our findings raise the question of potential preventive interventions to control orthostatic SBP and its fluctuations.
| S-EPMC7682838 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLarge blood pressure (BP) variability may contribute to stroke and dementia, but the mechanisms are largely unknown.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of BP variation, considering its magnitude and direction, with the presence and progression of subclinical brain disease in the general population.MethodsThis study included 2,348 participants age ≥55 years from a prospective cohort study. BP was measured at each visit every 3 to 4 years from 1990 onward. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at all visits from 2005 onward. The authors primarily assessed variation as the absolute difference in BP divided by the mean over 2 sequential visits for both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and further assessed the direction of the variation. The authors investigated the multivariate-adjusted associations of BP variation with subsequent measurements of MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease, brain tissue volumes, and white matter microstructural integrity. Longitudinal changes in these markers also were assessed.ResultsA large SBP variation (top vs. bottom tertiles), measured on average 7 years preceding brain MRI, was associated with higher odds of having severe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21 to 1.43), lacunes (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.48), and microbleeds (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.31). Similarly, this variation was associated with smaller total brain volume and worse white matter microstructural integrity (all p < 0.001). A large SBP variation was also associated with the progression of WMH (rate ratio [RR]: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.27). Higher burdens of these brain imaging markers were observed with both large rises and falls in SBP. Similar findings were observed for DBP variation.ConclusionsElevated BP variation was associated with a wide range of subclinical brain structural changes, including MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease, smaller brain tissue volumes, and worse white matter microstructural integrity. These subclinical brain changes could be the underlying mechanisms linking BP variation to dementia and stroke.
| S-EPMC9049233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCentral aortic blood pressure (BP) could be a better risk predictor than brachial BP. This study examined whether invasively measured aortic systolic BP improved outcome prediction beyond risk prediction by conventional cuff-based office systolic BP in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal cohort study, aortic and office systolic BPs were registered in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography (CAG). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Multivariable Cox models were used to determine the association with incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death.ResultsAortic and office systolic BPs were available in 39,866 patients (mean age: 64 years; 58% males; 64% with hypertension) out of which 6605 (17%) had CKD. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years (interquartile range: 4.6-10.1 years), 1367 strokes (CKD: 353), 1858 MIs (CKD: 446), and 7551 deaths (CKD: 2515) occurred. CKD increased the risk of stroke, MI, and death significantly. Office and aortic systolic BP were both associated with stroke in non-CKD patients (adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval per 10 mm Hg: 1.08 [1.05-1.12] and 1.06 [1.03-1.09], respectively) and with MI in patients with CKD (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.08 [1.03-1.13] and 1.08 [1.04-1.12], respectively). There was no significant difference between prediction of outcome with office or aortic systolic BP when adjusted models were compared with C-statistics.ConclusionRegardless of CKD status, invasively measured central aortic systolic BP does not improve the ability to predict outcome compared with brachial office BP measurement.
| S-EPMC10851008 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceThe optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) to minimize the risk of dementia in older age is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the association between SBP and dementia risk is U-shaped and whether age and comorbidity play a role in this association.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used an individual participant data approach to analyze 7 prospective, observational, population-based cohort studies that were designed to evaluate incident dementia in older adults. These studies started between 1987 and 2006 in Europe and the US. Participants had no dementia diagnosis and had SBP and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) data at baseline and incident dementia status during follow-up. Data analysis was conducted from November 7, 2019, to October 3, 2021.ExposuresBaseline systolic BP.Main outcomes and measuresAll-cause dementia (defined using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Third Edition Revised] or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition] and established at follow-up measurements or in clinical practice), mortality, and combined dementia and mortality were the outcomes. Covariates included baseline antihypertensive medication use, sex, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, stroke history, myocardial infarction history, and polypharmacy. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, and nonlinear associations were explored using natural splines.ResultsThe study analyzed 7 cohort studies with a total of 17 286 participants, among whom 10 393 were women (60.1%) and the mean (SD) baseline age was 74.5 (7.3) years. Overall, dementia risk was lower for individuals with higher SBP, with the lowest risk associated with an SBP of approximately 185 mm Hg (95% CI, 161-230 mm Hg; P = .001). Stratified by overlapping 10-year baseline age groups, the lowest dementia risk was observed at somewhat lower systolic BP levels in those older than 75 years (158 [95% CI, 152-178] mm Hg to 170 [95% CI, 160-260] mm Hg). For mortality, there was a clear U-shaped association, with the lowest risk at 160 mm Hg (95% CI, 154-181 mm Hg; P < .001). This U-shape occurred across all age groups, with the lowest dementia risk associated with an SBP of 134 mm Hg (95% CI, 102-149 mm Hg; P = .03) in those aged 60 to 70 years and increasing to between 155 mm Hg (95% CI, 150-166 mm Hg; P < .001) and 166 mm Hg (95% CI, 154-260 mm Hg; P = .02) for age groups between 70 and 95 years. Combined dementia and mortality risk curves closely resembled those for mortality. Associations of diastolic BP with dementia risk were generally similar but were less distinct.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study found that dementia risk was lower for older individuals with higher SBP levels and that more distinctly U-shaped associations appeared for those older than 75 years, but these associations cannot be explained by SBP-associated changes in mortality risk. The findings may warrant future trials on tailored BP management in older age groups that take life expectancy and health context into consideration.
| S-EPMC8669604 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBrain perivascular spaces (PVS) are part of the glymphatic system and facilitate clearance of metabolic byproducts. Since enlarged PVS are associated with vascular health, we tested whether intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment affects PVS structure.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Systolic PRessure INtervention Trial (SPRINT) MRI Substudy: a randomized trial of intensive SBP treatment to goal < 120 mm Hg vs < 140 mm Hg. Participants had increased cardiovascular risk, pre-treatment SBP 130-180, and no clinical stroke, dementia, or diabetes. Brain MRIs acquired at baseline and follow-up were used to automatically segment PVS in the supratentorial white matter and basal ganglia using a Frangi filtering method. PVS volumes were quantified as a fraction of the total tissue volume. The effects of SBP treatment group and major antihypertensive classes on PVS volume fraction were separately tested using linear mixed-effects models while covarying for MRI site, age, sex, Black race, baseline SBP, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).ResultsFor 610 participants with sufficient quality MRI at baseline (mean age 67 ± 8, 40 % female, 32 % Black), greater PVS volume fraction was associated with older age, male sex, non-Black race, concurrent CVD, WMH, and brain atrophy. For 381 participants with MRI at baseline and at follow-up (median ± IQR = 3.9 ± 0.4 years), intensive treatment was associated with decreased PVS volume fraction relative to standard treatment (interaction coefficient: -0.029 [-0.055 to -0.0029] p = 0.029). Reduced PVS volume fraction was also associated with exposure to calcium channel blockers (CCB).ConclusionsPVS enlargement was partially reversed in the intensive SBP treatment group. The association with CCB use suggests that improved vascular compliance may be partly responsible. Improved vascular health may facilitate glymphatic clearance. Clincaltrials.gov: NCT01206062.
| S-EPMC10540038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIntensively treating hypertension may benefit cardiovascular disease and cognitive function, but at the short-term expense of reduced kidney function.MethodsWe investigated markers of kidney function and the effect of intensive hypertension treatment on incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in 9361 participants in the randomized Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, which compared intensive versus standard systolic BP lowering (targeting <120 mm Hg versus <140 mm Hg, respectively). We categorized participants according to baseline and longitudinal changes in eGFR and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Primary outcomes were occurrence of adjudicated probable dementia and MCI.ResultsAmong 8563 participants who completed at least one cognitive assessment during follow-up (median 5.1 years), probable dementia occurred in 325 (3.8%) and MCI in 640 (7.6%) participants. In multivariable adjusted analyses, there was no significant association between baseline eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and risk for dementia or MCI. In time-varying analyses, eGFR decline ≥30% was associated with a higher risk for probable dementia. Incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was associated with a higher risk for MCI and a composite of dementia or MCI. Although these kidney events occurred more frequently in the intensive treatment group, there was no evidence that they modified or attenuated the effect of intensive treatment on dementia and MCI incidence. Baseline and incident urinary ACR ≥30 mg/g were not associated with probable dementia or MCI, nor did the urinary ACR modify the effect of intensive treatment on cognitive outcomes.ConclusionsAmong hypertensive adults, declining kidney function measured by eGFR is associated with increased risk for probable dementia and MCI, independent of the intensity of hypertension treatment.
| S-EPMC7461687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the association of night-time systolic blood pressure (BP) with subclinical cardiac dysfunction measured by global longitudinal strain (GLS) and subclinical vascular damage measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques.MethodsGLS was measured by speckle-tracking analysis of echocardiogram images. CIMT was measured at the distal 1?cm of the common carotid artery. The presence of carotid plaques was recorded. Philips QLAB cardiac and vascular ultrasound quantification software was used for analysis. The association of night-time systolic BP with GLS, CIMT and carotid plaques was assessed using linear and logistic regression.ResultsFifty (response rate 63%) individuals took part in this study. In univariable models, night-time systolic BP was significantly associated with GLS [? coefficient 0.85 for every 10?mmHg increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-1.4] and carotid plaques (odds ratio 1.9 for every 10?mmHg increase, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2). Univariable analysis of daytime systolic BP did not show any statistically significant associations. In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models, the association for night-time systolic BP and GLS remained significant (? coefficient 0.68 for every 10?mmHg increase, 95% CI: 0.1-1.3). The association for carotid plaques was no longer statistically significant. In multivariable models, findings were diminished.DiscussionOur results suggest a trend towards an association between night-time systolic BP and subclinical cardiac and vascular disease. When assessing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results, the absolute night-time systolic BP seems to be a better prognostic parameter than daytime systolic BP, but ultimately a large randomised controlled trial involving chronotherapy is necessary to fully address this.
| S-EPMC5214226 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent publications have stated that the blood pressure (BP) measurement technique used in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) was unattended. However, the SPRINT protocol does not address the issue of attendance. A survey was conducted immediately after SPRINT closeout visits were completed to inquire whether BP measurements were usually attended or unattended by staff. There were 4082 participants at 38 sites that measured BP after leaving the participant alone the entire time (always alone), 2247 at 25 sites that had personnel in the room the entire time (never alone), 1746 at 19 sites that left the participant alone only during the rest period (alone for rest), and 570 at 6 sites that left the participant alone only during the BP readings (alone for BP measurement). Similar systolic and diastolic BPs within randomized groups were noted during follow-up at the majority of visits in all 4 measurement categories. In the always alone and never alone categories, the intensive group had a similarly reduced risk for the primary outcome compared with the standard group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.76 and hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.91, respectively; pairwise interaction P value, 0.88); risk was not significantly reduced for the intensive group in the smaller alone-for-rest and the alone-for-BP-measurement categories. Similar BP levels and cardiovascular disease risk reduction were observed in the intensive group in SPRINT participants whether the measurement technique used was primarily attended or unattended.Clinical trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
| S-EPMC5967644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Treating to a lower blood pressure (BP) may increase acute kidney injury (AKI) events. STUDY DESIGN:Data for AKI resulting in or during hospitalization or emergency department visits were collected as part of the serious adverse events reporting process of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:9,361 participants 50 years or older with 1 or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease. INTERVENTIONS:Participants were randomly assigned to a systolic BP target of <120 (intensive arm) or <140mmHg (standard arm). OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS:Primary outcome was the number of adjudicated AKI events. Secondary outcomes included severity of AKI and degree of recovery of kidney function after an AKI event. Baseline creatinine concentration was defined as the most recent SPRINT outpatient creatinine value before the date of the AKI event. RESULTS:There were 179 participants with AKI events in the intensive arm and 109 in the standard arm (3.8% vs 2.3%; HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.30-2.10; P<0.001). Of 288 participants with an AKI event, 248 (86.1%) had a single AKI event during the trial. Based on modified KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria for severity of AKI, the number of AKI events in the intensive versus standard arm by KDIGO stage was 128 (58.5%) versus 81 (62.8%) for AKI stage 1, 42 (19.2%) versus 18 (14.0%) for AKI stage 2, and 42 (19.2%) versus 25 (19.4%) for AKI stage 3 (P=0.5). For participants with sufficient data, complete or partial resolution of AKI was seen for 169 (90.4%) and 9 (4.8%) of 187 AKI events in the intensive arm and 86 (86.9%) and 4 (4.0%) of 99 AKI events in the standard arm, respectively. LIMITATIONS:Trial results are not generalizable to patients with diabetes mellitus or without risk factors for cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS:More intensive BP lowering resulted in more frequent episodes of AKI. Most cases were mild and most participants had complete recovery of kidney function. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01206062.
| S-EPMC5828778 | biostudies-literature