Real-time locating and speed measurement of fibre fuse using optical frequency-domain reflectometry.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jiang S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4857126 | biostudies-other | 2016
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:An optical fibre sensor for monitoring relative humidity (RH) changes during exercise is demonstrated. The humidity sensor comprises a tip coating of poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) deposited using the layer-by-layer technique. An uncoated fibre is employed to compensate for bending losses that are likely to occur during movement. A linear fit to the response of the sensing system to RH demonstrates a sensitivity of 3.02 mV/% (R2 = 0.96), hysteresis ± 1.17% RH when 11 bilayers of PAH/SiO2 NPs are coated on the tip of the fibre. The performance of two different textiles (100% cotton and 100% polyester) were tested in real-time relative humidity measurement for 10 healthy volunteers. The results demonstrate the moisture wicking properties of polyester in that the relative humidity dropped more rapidly after cessation of exercise compared to cotton. The approach has the potential to be used to monitor sports performance and by clothing developers for characterising different garment designs.
| S-EPMC7181039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (ΦOTDR) is a well-established technique that provides spatio-temporal measurements of an environmental variable in real time. This unique capability is being leveraged in an ever-increasing number of applications, from energy transportation or civil security to seismology. To date, a wide number of different approaches have been implemented, providing a plethora of options in terms of performance (resolution, acquisition bandwidth, sensitivity or range). However, to achieve high spatial resolutions, detection bandwidths in the GHz range are typically required, substantially increasing the system cost and complexity. Here, we present a novel ΦOTDR approach that allows a customized time expansion of the received optical traces. Hence, the presented technique reaches cm-scale spatial resolutions over 1 km while requiring a remarkably low detection bandwidth in the MHz regime. This approach relies on the use of dual-comb spectrometry to interrogate the fibre and sample the backscattered light. Random phase-spectral coding is applied to the employed combs to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing scheme. A comparison of the proposed method with alternative approaches aimed at similar operation features is provided, along with a thorough analysis of the new trade-offs. Our results demonstrate a radically novel high-resolution ΦOTDR scheme, which could promote new applications in metrology, borehole monitoring or aerospace.
| S-EPMC7940432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Optical fibre sensors based on Brillouin scattering have been vigorously studied in the context of structural health monitoring on account of their capacity for distributed strain and temperature measurements. However, real-time distributed strain measurement has been achieved only for two-end-access systems; such systems reduce the degree of freedom in embedding the sensors into structures, and furthermore render the measurement no longer feasible when extremely high loss or breakage occurs at a point along the sensing fibre. Here, we demonstrate real-time distributed measurement with an intrinsically one-end-access reflectometry configuration by using a correlation-domain technique. In this method, the Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained at high speed using a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the Brillouin frequency shift is converted into a phase delay of a synchronous sinusoidal waveform; the phase delay is subsequently converted into a voltage, which can be directly measured. When a single-point measurement is performed at an arbitrary position, a strain sampling rate of up to 100?kHz is experimentally verified by detecting locally applied dynamic strain at 1?kHz. When distributed measurements are performed at 100 points with 10 times averaging, a repetition rate of 100?Hz is verified by tracking a mechanical wave propagating along the fibre. Some drawbacks of this ultrahigh-speed configuration, including the reduced measurement accuracy, lowered spatial resolution and limited strain dynamic range, are also discussed.
| S-EPMC6059889 | biostudies-other
Project description:Time-domain diffuse optical measurement systems determine depth-resolved absorption changes by using the time of flight distribution of the detected photons. It is well known that certain feature data, such as the Laplace transform of the temporal point spread function, is sufficient for image reconstruction and diffuse optical sensing. Conventional time-domain systems require the acquisition of full temporal profiles of diffusive photons and then numerically compute the feature dataset, for example, Laplace transformed intensities for imaging applications. We have proposed a novel method for directly obtaining the Laplace transform data. Our approach can significantly improve the data acquisition speed for time-domain diffuse optical imaging. We also demonstrated that the use of negative Laplace parameters can provide enhanced sensitivity to perturbations located in deep regions.
| S-EPMC6092403 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Today's ultrafast lasers operate at the physical limits of optical materials to reach extreme performances. Amplification of single-cycle laser pulses with their corresponding octave-spanning spectra still remains a formidable challenge since the universal dilemma of gain narrowing sets limits for both real level pumped amplifiers as well as parametric amplifiers. We demonstrate that employing parametric amplification in the frequency domain rather than in time domain opens up new design opportunities for ultrafast laser science, with the potential to generate single-cycle multi-terawatt pulses. Fundamental restrictions arising from phase mismatch and damage threshold of nonlinear laser crystals are not only circumvented but also exploited to produce a synergy between increased seed spectrum and increased pump energy. This concept was successfully demonstrated by generating carrier envelope phase stable, 1.43?mJ two-cycle pulses at 1.8??m wavelength.
| S-EPMC4024740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Optical fibres constitute an exceptional sensing platform. However, standard fibres present an inherent sensing challenge: they confine light to an inner core. Consequently, distributed fibre sensors are restricted to the measurement of conditions that prevail within the core. This work presents distributed analysis of media outside unmodified, standard fibre. Measurements are based on stimulated scattering by guided acoustic modes, which allow us to listen where we cannot look. The protocol overcomes a major difficulty: guided acoustic waves induce forward scattering, which cannot be mapped using time-of-flight. The solution relies on mapping the Rayleigh backscatter contributions of two optical tones, which are coupled by the acoustic wave. Analysis is demonstrated over 3?km of fibre with 100?m resolution. Measurements distinguish between air, ethanol and water outside the cladding, and between air and water outside polyimide-coated fibres. The results establish a new sensor configuration: optomechanical time-domain reflectometry, with several potential applications.
| S-EPMC6068157 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We describe a high-speed long-depth range optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system employing a long-coherence length tunable source and demonstrate dynamic full-range imaging of the anterior segment of the eye including from the cornea surface to the posterior capsule of the crystalline lens with a depth range of 12 mm without removing complex conjugate image ambiguity. The tunable source spanned from 1260 to 1360 nm with an average output power of 15.8 mW. The fast A-scan rate of 20,000 per second provided dynamic OFDI and dependence of the whole anterior segment change on time following abrupt relaxation from the accommodated to the relaxed status, which was measured for a healthy eye and that with an intraocular lens.
| S-EPMC3018118 | biostudies-other
Project description:The widely applied capillary refill time (CRT) measurement is currently performed by manually applying pressure and using a stopwatch to record the time taken for the skin to recover its normal colour after a blanching pressure is applied. This method is highly subjective and observer-dependent. This paper presents a new, integrated optical sensor probe, combining monitoring of the capillary refilling process with the blanching pressure applied. The sensor consists of an optical fibre-based reflectance photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to measure the reflected light signal, as well as a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) to measure the applied blanching pressure and to indicate the time when pressure is released. This sensor was applied to calculate the CRT (1.38 ± 0.66 s) of 10 healthy adult volunteers with (55.2 ± 21.8 kPa) blanching pressures. The form of the capillary refilling data was investigated by fitting using an exponential regression model (R2 > 0.96). The integrated probe has the potential to improve the reliability of CRT measurements by standardising the optimum duration and magnitude of the pressure.
| S-EPMC7085692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In classical optical time domain reflectometries (OTDRs), for sensing an 200-km-long fiber, the optical pulses launched are as wide as tens of microseconds to get enough signal-to-noise ratio, while it results in a two-point resolution of kilometers. To both reach long sensing distance and sub-kilometer resolution, we demonstrated a long-haul photon-counting OTDR using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. In a 40-minute-long measurement, we obtained a dynamic range of 46.9?dB, corresponding to a maximum sensing distance of 246.8?km, at a two-point resolution of 0.1?km. The time for measuring fiber after 100?km was reduced to one minute, while the fiber end at 217?km was still distinguished well from noise. After reducing the pulse width to 100?ns, the experimental two-point resolution was improved to 20?m while the maximum sensing distance was 209.47?km.
| S-EPMC4447072 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Trunks of large trees play an important role in whole-plant water balance but technical difficulties have limited most hydraulic research to small stems, leaves, and roots. To investigate the dynamics of water-related processes in tree trunks, such as winter embolism refilling, xylem hydraulic vulnerability, and water storage, volumetric water content (VWC) in the main stem was monitored continuously using frequency domain moisture sensors in adult Betula papyrifera trees from early spring through the beginning of winter. An air injection technique was developed to estimate hydraulic vulnerability of the trunk xylem. Trunk VWC increased in early spring and again in autumn, concurrently with root pressure during both seasons. Diurnal fluctuations and a gradual decrease in trunk VWC through the growing season were observed, which, in combination with VWC increase after significant rainfall events and depletion during periods of high water demand, indicate the importance of stem water storage in both short- and long-term water balance. Comparisons between the trunk air injection results and conventional branch hydraulic vulnerability curves showed no evidence of 'vulnerability segmentation' between the main stem and small branches in B. papyrifera. Measurements of VWC following air injection, together with evidence from air injection and xylem dye perfusion, indicate that embolized vessels can be refilled by active root pressure but not in the absence of root pressure. The precise, continuous, and non-destructive measurement of wood water content using frequency domain sensors provides an ideal way to probe many hydraulic processes in large tree trunks that are otherwise difficult to investigate.
| S-EPMC3654422 | biostudies-literature