Dataset Information

Association between air pollutants and dementia risk in the elderly.

ABSTRACT: The aging rate in Taiwan is the second highest in the world. As the population ages quickly, the prevalence of dementia increases rapidly. There are some studies that have explored the association between air pollution and cognitive decline, but the association between air pollution and dementia has not been directly evaluated.This was a case-control study comprising 249 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 125 vascular dementia (VaD) patients, and 497 controls from three teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan from 2007 to 2010. Data of particulate matter <10 ?m in diameter (PM10) and ozone were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration for 12 and 14 years, respectively. Blood samples were collected to determine the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ?4 haplotype. Bayesian maximum entropy was used to estimate the individual exposure level of air pollutants, which was then tertiled for analysis. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals between the association of PM10 and ozone exposure with AD and VaD risk.The highest tertile of PM10 (?49.23 ?g/m(3)) or ozone (?21.56 ppb) exposure was associated with increased AD risk (highest vs. lowest tertile of PM10: AOR = 4.17; highest vs. lowest tertile of ozone: AOR = 2.00). Similar finding was observed for VaD. The association with AD and VaD risk remained for the highest tertile PM10 exposure after stratification by APOE ?4 status and gender.Long-term exposure to the highest tertile of PM10 or ozone was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD and VaD.

SUBMITTER: Wu YC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4876896 | biostudies-other | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Association between air pollutants and dementia risk in the elderly.

Wu Yun-Chun YC Lin Yuan-Chien YC Yu Hwa-Lung HL Chen Jen-Hau JH Chen Ta-Fu TF Sun Yu Y Wen Li-Li LL Yip Ping-Keung PK Chu Yi-Min YM Chen Yen-Ching YC

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20150514 2

<h4>Background</h4>The aging rate in Taiwan is the second highest in the world. As the population ages quickly, the prevalence of dementia increases rapidly. There are some studies that have explored the association between air pollution and cognitive decline, but the association between air pollution and dementia has not been directly evaluated.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a case-control study comprising 249 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 125 vascular dementia (VaD) patients, and 497 controls f ...[more]

PMID: 27239507

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Project description:Importance:Emerging yet contrasting evidence associates air pollution with incident dementia, and the potential role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this association is unclear. Objective:To investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and dementia and to assess the role of CVD in that association. Design, Setting, and Participants:Data for this cohort study were extracted from the ongoing Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), a longitudinal population-based study with baseline assessments from March 21, 2001, through August 30, 2004. Of the 5111 randomly selected residents in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm 60 years or older and living at home or in institutions, 521 were not eligible (eg, due to death before the start of the study or no contact information). Among the remaining 4590 individuals, 3363 (73.3%) were assessed. For the current analysis, 2927 participants who did not have dementia at baseline were examined, with follow-up to 2013 (mean [SD] follow-up time, 6.01?[2.56] years). Follow-up was completed February 18, 2013, and data were analyzed from June 26, 2018, through June 20, 2019. Exposures:Two major air pollutants (particulate matter ?2.5 ?m [PM2.5] and nitrogen oxide [NOx]) were assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. Main Outcomes and Measures:The hazard of dementia was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The potential of CVD (ie, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) to modify and mediate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and dementia was tested using stratified analyses and generalized structural equation modeling. Results:At baseline, the mean (SD) age of the 2927 participants was 74.1 (10.7) years, and 1845 (63.0%) were female. Three hundred sixty-four participants with incident dementia were identified. The hazard of dementia increased by as much as 50% per interquartile range difference in mean pollutant levels during the previous 5 years at the residential address (hazard ratio [HR] for difference of 0.88 ?g/m3 PM2.5, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.33-1.78]; HR for difference of 8.35 ?g/m3 NOx, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.29]). Heart failure (HR for PM2.5, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.54-2.43]; HR for NOx, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.17-1.75]) and ischemic heart disease (HR for PM2.5, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.32-2.12]; HR for NOx, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.07-1.71]) enhanced the dementia risk, whereas stroke appeared to be the most important intermediate condition, explaining 49.4% of air pollution-related dementia cases. Conclusions and Relevance:This study found that long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Heart failure and ischemic heart disease appeared to enhance the association between air pollution and dementia, whereas stroke seemed to be an important intermediate condition between the association of air pollution exposure with dementia.

Project description:BackgroundExposure to air pollutants has been linked to the exacerbation of asthma, and it has become a risk to human welfare and health throughout the globe. Previous works did not achieve a systematic study by considering interactive effects of age, gender, and meteorological factors on the exposure-effect relationship between air pollutants and asthma. We aimed to quantitatively investigate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations for asthma in Chengdu, China.MethodsThis is a retrospective and population-based study. Data of asthma hospitalization records for residents, the average daily concentrations of air pollutants including SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5, and meteorological variables from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 in Chengdu, China, were obtained from several government departments. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between air pollutants and daily asthma hospitalizations after controlling the long-time seasonal trend, "day-of-week (DOW)" effect, holiday effect, and confounding meteorological factors.ResultsA total of 7,503 hospitalizations were assessed. Significant associations between hospitalizations and air pollutants were found. The relative risk (RR) for hospitalizations for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 for the male group were 1.0121 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0012-1.0232] and 1.0075 (95% CI: 1.0001-1.015), respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old) tended to have a higher RR (1.0022; 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0043) for each 10 mg/m3 increase in CO than the other age groups. All pollutants had slightly protective effects on the younger age group (≤14 years old). O3 had more significant effects in cold season, whereas SO2 impacted more significantly in warm seasons, particularly for females and adults (14-65 years old).ConclusionsAdverse effects of ambient concentrations of air pollutants on hospitalizations for asthma are evident, especially in specific population groups. Male patients were more susceptible to PM2.5 and PM10, and the elderly were more sensitive to CO. The effects of O3 in China were significant in the cold season, whereas SO2 impacted more significantly in the warm season particularly on females and adults. The study would be meaningful for asthma intervention and corresponding healthcare resource management.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 10??m or less in diameter (PM10), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19?years. METHODS:A total of 249 Si-Gun-Gus, unit of administrative districts in South Korea were studied. In each district, the daily concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 were averaged over 19?years (2001-2018). Age-adjusted mortality rates by IHD, CVD, PN and CLRD for each district were averaged for the same study period. Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. Associations were also estimated for two subgrouping schema: Capital and non-Capital areas (77:172 districts) and urban and rural areas (168:81 districts). RESULTS:For IHD, higher SO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. For CVD, SO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. For PN, O3 concentrations had significant positive associations with a higher mortality rate, while SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had significant negative associations. For CLRD, O3 concentrations were associated with an increased mortality rate, while CO, NO2, and PM10 concentrations had negative associations. In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations. CONCLUSION:Long-term exposure to high SO2 concentration was significantly and consistently associated with a high mortality rate nationwide and in Capital and non-Capital areas, and in urban and rural areas. Associations between other air pollutants and disease-related mortalities need to be investigated in further studies.

Project description:BackgroundLong-term exposure to air pollution has been found to contribute to the development of cognitive decline. Our study aimed to assess the association between various air pollutants and cognitive impairment and dementia. Additionally, explore the modification effects of lifestyle and genetic predisposition.MethodsThe exposure levels to various air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5), ≤ 10 (PM10), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5-10) and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) were identified. An air pollution score (APS) was calculated to evaluate the combined exposure to these five air pollutants. A genetic risk estimate and healthy lifestyle score (HLS) were also generated. The Cox regression model adjusted by potential confounders was adopted to access the association between pollution exposure and cognitive decline, and several sensitivity analyses were additionally conducted to test the robustness.ResultsThe combined exposure to air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of incident cognitive decline. Compared with the low exposure group, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in those exposed to the highest levels of air pollutants were respectively 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.09), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.12), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.13), and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.27). However, the modification effects from genetic predisposition were not widely observed, while on the contrary for the healthy lifestyle. Our findings were proven to be reliable and robust based on the results of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsExposure to air pollution was found to be a significant contributing factor to cognitive impairment and dementia, and this association was not easily modified by an individual's genetic predisposition. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle may help to manage the risk of cognitive decline related to air pollution.

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Association between air pollutants and dementia risk in the elderly.

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Association between air pollutants and dementia risk in the elderly.

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