SET9-Mediated Regulation of TGF-? Signaling Links Protein Methylation to Pulmonary Fibrosis.

ABSTRACT: TGF-? signaling regulates a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune responses, and fibrogenesis. Here, we describe a lysine methylation-mediated mechanism that controls the pro-fibrogenic activity of TGF-?. We find that the methyltransferase Set9 potentiates TGF-? signaling by targeting Smad7, an inhibitory downstream effector. Smad7 methylation promotes interaction with the E3 ligase Arkadia and, thus, ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Set9 results in elevated Smad7 protein levels and inhibits TGF-?-dependent expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix components. The inhibitory effect of Set9 on TGF-?-mediated extracellular matrix production is further demonstrated in mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin or Ad-TGF-? treatment was highly compromised in Set9-deficient mice. These results uncover a complex regulatory interplay among multiple Smad7 modifications and highlight the possibility that protein methyltransferases may represent promising therapeutic targets for treating lung fibrosis.

SUBMITTER: Elkouris M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4920893 | biostudies-other | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other