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Assessing elements of a family approach to reduce adolescent drinking frequency: parent-adolescent relationship, knowledge management and keeping secrets.

ABSTRACT: To estimate (1) the associations between parent-adolescent relationship, parental knowledge and subsequent adolescent drinking frequency and (2) the influence of alcohol use on parental knowledge.Path analysis of school based cohort study with annual surveys.Post-primary schools from urban and intermediate/rural areas in Northern Ireland.A total of 4937 post-primary school students aged approximately 11 years in 2000 followed until approximately age 16 years in 2005.Pupil-reported measures of: frequency of alcohol use; parent-child relationship quality; subdimensions of parental monitoring: parental control, parental solicitation, child disclosure and child secrecy.Higher levels of parental control [ordinal logistic odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78, 0.95] and lower levels of child secrecy (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.92) were associated subsequently with less frequent alcohol use. Parental solicitation and parent-child relationship quality were not associated with drinking frequency. Weekly alcohol drinking was associated with higher subsequent secrecy (beta -0.42, 95% CI = -0.53, -0.32) and lower parental control (beta -0.15, 95% CI = -0.26, -0.04). Secrecy was more strongly predictive of alcohol use at younger compared with older ages (P = 0.02), and alcohol use was associated less strongly with parental control among families with poorer relationships (P = 0.04).Adolescent alcohol use appears to increase as parental control decreases and child secrecy increases. Greater parental control is associated with less frequent adolescent drinking subsequently, while parent-child attachment and parental solicitation have little influence on alcohol use.

SUBMITTER: McCann M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4949705 | biostudies-other | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Assessing elements of a family approach to reduce adolescent drinking frequency: parent-adolescent relationship, knowledge management and keeping secrets.

McCann Mark M Perra Oliver O McLaughlin Aisling A McCartan Claire C Higgins Kathryn K

Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20160210 5

<h4>Aims</h4>To estimate (1) the associations between parent-adolescent relationship, parental knowledge and subsequent adolescent drinking frequency and (2) the influence of alcohol use on parental knowledge.<h4>Design</h4>Path analysis of school based cohort study with annual surveys.<h4>Setting</h4>Post-primary schools from urban and intermediate/rural areas in Northern Ireland.<h4>Participants</h4>A total of 4937 post-primary school students aged approximately 11 years in 2000 followed until ...[more]

PMID: 26638189

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Project description:The prevalence of obesity has increased at an alarming rate worldwide. Metallic elements are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. To date, whether environmental exposure to metallic elements has effects on obesity in children and adolescents is still unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of blood metallic elements with obesity in U.S. children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was performed with 5404 children and adolescents (6-19 years, 2745 males and 2659 females) who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Blood lead, mercury, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc, as well as biochemical parameters including triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed for all subjects. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were applied to assess associations of metallic elements and overweight, obesity status, and serum metabolites as distinct outcomes adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and the poverty income ratio. When stratified by age and sex, significant associations were found between the highest quartile of copper concentrations in blood with obesity status (OR = 9.27, 95% CI: 5.43, 15.82, pfor trend < 0.001) and cholesterol (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.63, pfor trend < 0.001). The highest concentrations of manganese in the blood was associated with obesity in those aged 6-19 years (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.02, pfor trend < 0.001). Moreover, blood mercury and selenium showed positive relationships with cholesterol. Further, a negative association existed between blood zinc and obesity. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data provide epidemiological evidence that blood metallic elements are positively associated with obesity in children and adolescents. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further exploration.

Project description:ObjectiveWe examined whether neighborhood disadvantage predicted subsequent levels, and longitudinal trajectories, of type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes among late adolescents transitioning into early emerging adulthood. We also examined whether such associations occur indirectly through parent-adolescent relationship quality.Research design & methodsSeniors in high school with T1D (N = 236; mean age 17.76 ± 0.39 years; 61% female; 73.7% non-Latino White) completed selfreport measures of relationship quality with mothers and fathers, and adherence to their diabetes regimen; glycemic control was measured using HbA1c assay kits. Both T1D outcomes (i.e. adherence, HbA1c) were assessed annually across three time points (two years). Census tract indicators of neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., % unemployed) were culled from participant addresses at baseline linked to American Community Survey data. Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between neighborhood disadvantage, relationship quality, and both subsequent levels (i.e., intercepts centered at Time 2), and trajectories of T1D outcomes (i.e., slopes across three time points).ResultsAll models showed excellent fit to the data. Greater neighborhood disadvantage associated with lower relationship quality with both parents. Lower relationship quality with fathers (but not with mothers) measured at Time 1 predicted poorer levels of adherence and HbA1c at Time 2, and formed an indirect path linking neighborhood disadvantage to each Time 2 outcome. Neighborhood disadvantage and parent-adolescent relationship quality during high school did not predict longitudinal trajectories of T1D outcomes across all three time points.ConclusionsParent-adolescent relationship quality (especially with fathers) remains important for T1D outcomes among late adolescents on the cusp of emerging adulthood, but may be at risk among those living within a socioeconomically-disadvantaged neighborhood.

Dataset Information

Assessing elements of a family approach to reduce adolescent drinking frequency: parent-adolescent relationship, knowledge management and keeping secrets.

Publications

Assessing elements of a family approach to reduce adolescent drinking frequency: parent-adolescent relationship, knowledge management and keeping secrets.

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