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Vaccines in pregnancy: The dual benefit for pregnant women and infants.

ABSTRACT: Maternal immunization has the potential to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in the pregnant woman and her infant. Many countries now recommend immunization against influenza at any stage of pregnancy and against pertussis in the third trimester. Despite evidence of the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines when administered during pregnancy, uptake generally remains low for influenza and moderate for pertussis vaccine. Enhancing confidence in both immunization providers and pregnant women by increasing the evidence-base for the safety and effectiveness of vaccines during pregnancy, improving communication and access by incorporating immunization into standard models of antenatal care are likely to improve uptake. Developing a framework for implementation of vaccines for pregnant women which is cognizant of local and national cultural, epidemiological, behavioral and societal factors will enable a smooth transition and high uptake for new vaccines currently in development for pregnant women.

SUBMITTER: Marshall H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4962964 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Vaccines in pregnancy: The dual benefit for pregnant women and infants.

Marshall H H McMillan M M Andrews R M RM Macartney K K Edwards K K

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20160401 4

Maternal immunization has the potential to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in the pregnant woman and her infant. Many countries now recommend immunization against influenza at any stage of pregnancy and against pertussis in the third trimester. Despite evidence of the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines when administered during pregnancy, uptake generally remains low for influenza and moderate for pertussis vaccine. Enhancing confidence in both immunization providers and pregnant ...[more]

PMID: 26857450

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Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy alters gut microbial networks of pregnant women and infants.

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Proteomes of Placenta from Pregnant Women with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

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2021-09-24 | PXD028734 | Pride

mRNA Covid-19 Vaccines in Pregnant Women.

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Safety and immunogenicity of three seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines among pregnant women and antibody persistence in their infants.

Project description:ObjectiveInactivated influenza virus vaccines (IIVs) are recommended for all pregnant women in the United States. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double blind study of three licensed seasonal trivalent IIVs (IIV3s) to assess their safety and immunogenicity in pregnant women and determine the level and persistence of passively transferred maternal antibody in infants.Study design139 pregnant women ages 18-39 years and 14-33 weeks' gestation, and 44 non-pregnant women, were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose of one of three licensed IIV3s (Agriflu®, Fluzone®, or Fluarix®) prior to the 2010-2011 influenza season. Reactogenicity, adverse events (AEs) and pregnancy outcomes were documented. Serum samples for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization antibody assays were collected prior to and 28 and 180 days after immunization. Maternal sera and cord blood were collected at the time of delivery and sera were obtained from 44 infants at 6 weeks of age.ResultsPregnant and non-pregnant women experienced similar frequency of injection site (92% and 86%, respectively) and systemic (95% and 87%, respectively) reactions, the majority of which were mild. There were no vaccine-associated maternal or infant serious AEs. Antibody responses to the three vaccine antigens were not different between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The ratios of cord blood (infant) to maternal HAI antibody titers at delivery ranged between 1.1 and 1.7 for each of the vaccine antigens. Influenza antibody concentrations in infants were 70-40% of the birth titer by 6 weeks of age.ConclusionsThe three IIV3s were well tolerated in pregnant women. Antibody responses were comparable in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and after second or third trimester vaccination. Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to the infant was efficient. However, antibody titers decline rapidly in the first 6 weeks of life.

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Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines in Pregnant and Lactating Mexican Women and Breastfed Infants: A Survey-Based Study.

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Iodine status in pregnant women and infants in Finland.

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fecal sample collected from pregnant women and their infants

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New versus old meningococcal group B vaccines: how the new ones may benefit infants & toddlers.

Project description:Invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is associated with high mortality and high disability rates and mainly affects children under one year of age. Vaccination is the best way to prevent meningococcal disease, especially in infants and toddlers. The introduction of massive meningococcal serogroup C vaccination has drastically reduced the incidence of disease caused by this serogroup, and serogroup B has now become the main causative agent in several industrialized countries. The first serogroup B vaccines, which were used for more than two decades, were based on outer membrane vesicles and proved to be protective only against specific epidemic strains in Cuba, Norway, Brazil and New Zealand. Moreover, these often elicited a scant immune response in young children. Innovative genomics-based reverse vaccinology subsequently enabled researchers to identify genes encoding for surface proteins that are able to elicit a strong immune response against several B strains. This important discovery led to the development and recent approval in Europe of the four-component meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine. Large clinical trials have shown high immunogenicity and tolerability and acceptable safety levels of 4CMenB in infants and toddlers. This vaccine is expected to cover a large number of circulating invasive strains and may also be efficacious against other serogroups. Young children are particularly vulnerable to the devastating consequences of meningococcal disease. Given the high performance of 4CMenB and its non-interference with routine vaccinations, this age-group will be the first to benefit from the introduction of this vaccine.

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Benefits of influenza vaccination during pregnancy for pregnant women.

Project description:Influenza vaccination is a cornerstone of influenza prevention efforts among pregnant women. Prior to 2005, data from studies conducted on pregnant women were limited, with much of the supporting evidence coming from influenza vaccine studies conducted among nonpregnant, age-matched populations. Since 2005, however, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine for pregnant women, including evidence of maternal transfer of antibody. In addition, the clinical benefit of influenza vaccination, both for the mother and infant, was demonstrated in a landmark randomized clinical trial conducted in Bangladesh. Additional randomized clinical trials with laboratory-confirmed influenza as the primary outcome are underway in countries without a current influenza vaccination program, but such trials are unlikely to be conducted in the United States or other countries that already recommend the vaccination of pregnant women. However, current evidence supports the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine and its effectiveness in reducing the risk of influenza-related illness among pregnant women.

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Assessment of vitamin B6 status in never-pregnant, pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.

Project description:PurposePyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) is the main form of vitamin B6 in humans and functions a coenzyme for more than 160 different enzymatic reactions. The purpose of the study was to find plasma PLP concentrations, which ensure an optimal vitamin B6 status determined by a metabolic marker, in never-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women and their infants.MethodsIn an observational, prospective study, plasma PLP and the metabolic marker, HKr (hydroxykynurenine/(kynurenic acid + anthranilic acid + xanthurenic acid + hydroxyanthranilic acid) were assessed in women (n = 114) from pregnancy week 18 to 6 months postpartum and related to infant status. Never-pregnant women 18-40 years (n = 127) were included as controls.ResultsCompared to controls, plasma PLP decreased during pregnancy and increased postpartum, while HKr increased from week 18 to 6 weeks postpartum, indicating maternal vitamin B6 insufficiency during this period. In never-pregnant women, HKr increased gradually with plasma PLP < 100 nmol/L, and in pregnancy week 28 a sharp increase in HKr was seen at plasma PLP < 30 nmol/L. Despite correcting for maternal vitamin B6 status, infant median plasma PLP decreased with months of exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionsPlasma PLP and kynurenine concentrations differ substantially between never-pregnant, pregnant and postpartum women and infants. A plasma PLP concentration in the range of 50-100 nmol/L seems to ensure an optimal vitamin B6 status for never-pregnant women, whereas a plasma PLP > 30 nmol/L in pregnancy week 28 ensures an adequate vitamin B6 status during pregnancy and lactation. Infant vitamin B6 status at age 6 months is inversely correlated to number of months of exclusive breastfeeding.

| S-EPMC9941241 | biostudies-literature

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