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Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice.

ABSTRACT: Obesity causes changes in microbiota composition, and an altered gut microbiota can transfer obesity-associated phenotypes from donors to recipients. Obese Rongchang pigs (RP) exhibited distinct fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles in their muscle compared with lean Yorkshire pigs (YP). However, whether RP have a different gut microbiota than YP and whether there is a relationship between the microbiota and muscle properties are poorly understood. The present study was conducted to test whether the muscle properties can be transferred from pigs to germ-free (GF) mice. High-throughput pyrosequencing confirms the presence of distinct core microbiota between pig breeds, with alterations in taxonomic distribution and modulations in ? diversity. RP displayed a significant higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and apparent genera differences compared with YP. Transplanting the porcine microbiota into GF mice replicated the phenotypes of the donors. RP and their GF mouse recipients exhibited a higher body fat mass, a higher slow-contracting fiber proportion, a decreased fiber size and fast IIb fiber percentage, and enhanced lipogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the gut microbiota composition of colonized mice shared high similarity with their donor pigs. Taken together, the gut microbiota of obese pigs intrinsically influences skeletal muscle development and the lipid metabolic profiles.

SUBMITTER: Yan H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4992887 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice.

Yan Honglin H Diao Hui H Xiao Yi Y Li Wenxia W Yu Bing B He Jun J Yu Jie J Zheng Ping P Mao Xiangbing X Luo Yuheng Y Zeng Benhua B Wei Hong H Chen Daiwen D

Scientific reports 20160822

Obesity causes changes in microbiota composition, and an altered gut microbiota can transfer obesity-associated phenotypes from donors to recipients. Obese Rongchang pigs (RP) exhibited distinct fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles in their muscle compared with lean Yorkshire pigs (YP). However, whether RP have a different gut microbiota than YP and whether there is a relationship between the microbiota and muscle properties are poorly understood. The present study was conducted to ...[more]

PMID: 27545196

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Project description:BackgroundCold regions have long autumn and winter seasons and low ambient temperatures. When pigs are unable to adjust to the cold, oxidative damage and inflammation may develop. However, the differences between cold and non-cold adaptation regarding glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and colonic mucosal immunological features in pigs are unknown. This study revealed the glucose and lipid metabolic responses and the dual role of gut microbiota in pigs during cold and non-cold adaptation. Moreover, the regulatory effects of dietary glucose supplements on glucose and lipid metabolism and the colonic mucosal barrier were evaluated in cold-exposed pigs.ResultsCold and non-cold-adapted models were established by Min and Yorkshire pigs. Our results exhibited that cold exposure induced glucose overconsumption in non-cold-adapted pig models (Yorkshire pigs), decreasing plasma glucose concentrations. In this case, cold exposure enhanced the ATGL and CPT-1α expression to promote liver lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Meanwhile, the two probiotics (Collinsella and Bifidobacterium) depletion and the enrichment of two pathogens (Sutterella and Escherichia-Shigella) in colonic microbiota are not conducive to colonic mucosal immunity. However, glucagon-mediated hepatic glycogenolysis in cold-adapted pig models (Min pigs) maintained the stability of glucose homeostasis during cold exposure. It contributed to the gut microbiota (including the enrichment of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group and WCHB1-41) that favored cold-adapted metabolism.ConclusionsThe results of both models indicate that the gut microbiota during cold adaptation contributes to the protection of the colonic mucosa. During non-cold adaptation, cold-induced glucose overconsumption promotes thermogenesis through lipolysis, but interferes with the gut microbiome and colonic mucosal immunity. Furthermore, glucagon-mediated hepatic glycogenolysis contributes to glucose homeostasis during cold exposure.

Project description:Mammalian gut microbiota plays an important role in the host's nutrient metabolism, growth, and immune regulation. Hybridization can enable a progeny to acquire superior traits of the parents, resulting in the hybridization advantage. However, studies on the effects of hybridization on the pigs' gut microbiota are lacking. Therefore, this study used multi-omics technologies to compare and analyze the gut microbiota of the primary wild boar and its offspring. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that the gut microbiota of F4 exhibited a host-like dominance phenomenon with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The beta diversity of Duroc was significantly different from those of F0, F2, and F4; after the host hybridization, the similarity of the beta diversity in the progeny decreased with the decrease in the similarity of the F0 lineage. The metagenomic sequencing results showed that the significantly enriched metabolic pathways in F4, such as environmental, circulatory system, fatty acid degradation adaptation, and fatty acid biosynthesis, were similar to those in F0. Moreover, it also exhibited similar significantly enriched metabolic pathways as those in Duroc, such as carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, starch-degrading CAZymes, lactose-degrading CAZymes, and various amino acid metabolism pathways. However, the alpha-amylase-related KOs, lipid metabolism, and galactose metabolism in F4 were significantly higher than those in Duroc and F0. Non-targeted metabolome technology analysis found that several metabolites, such as docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and citric acid were significantly enriched in the F4 pigs as compared to those in F0. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated with these metabolites. Finally, the combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways, such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in F4 pigs. In conclusion, the gut microbiota of F4 showed a similar host "dominance" phenomenon, which provided reference data for the genetics and evolution of microbiota and the theory of microbial-assisted breeding.

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Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice.

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Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice.

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