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Repurposing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Diflunisal as an Osteoprotective, Antivirulence Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis.

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis is a common and debilitating invasive infection of bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis is confounded by widespread antimicrobial resistance and the propensity of bacteria to trigger pathological changes in bone remodeling that limit antimicrobial penetration to the infectious focus. Adjunctive therapies that limit pathogen-induced bone destruction could therefore limit morbidity and enhance traditional antimicrobial therapies. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) compound diflunisal in limiting S. aureus cytotoxicity toward skeletal cells and in preventing bone destruction during staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Diflunisal is known to inhibit S. aureus virulence factor production by the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus, and we have previously demonstrated that the Agr system plays a substantial role in pathological bone remodeling during staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Consistent with these observations, we find that diflunisal potently inhibits osteoblast cytotoxicity caused by S. aureus secreted toxins independently of effects on bacterial growth. Compared to commonly used NSAIDs, diflunisal is uniquely potent in the inhibition of skeletal cell death in vitro Moreover, local delivery of diflunisal by means of a drug-eluting, bioresorbable foam significantly limits bone destruction during S. aureus osteomyelitis in vivo Collectively, these data demonstrate that diflunisal potently inhibits skeletal cell death and bone destruction associated with S. aureus infection and may therefore be a useful adjunctive therapy for osteomyelitis.

SUBMITTER: Hendrix AS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4997817 | biostudies-other | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Repurposing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Diflunisal as an Osteoprotective, Antivirulence Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis.

Hendrix Andrew S AS Spoonmore Thomas J TJ Wilde Aimee D AD Putnam Nicole E NE Hammer Neal D ND Snyder Daniel J DJ Guelcher Scott A SA Skaar Eric P EP Cassat James E JE

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20160822 9

Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis is a common and debilitating invasive infection of bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis is confounded by widespread antimicrobial resistance and the propensity of bacteria to trigger pathological changes in bone remodeling that limit antimicrobial penetration to the infectious focus. Adjunctive therapies that limit pathogen-induced bone destruction could therefore limit morbidity and enhance traditional antimicrobial therapies. In this study, we evaluate the effic ...[more]

PMID: 27324764

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Project description:BackgroundLipid transfer protein (LTP), an abundant protein in fruits, vegetables, and nuts, is a common food allergen in Mediterranean areas causing diverse allergic reactions. Approximately 40% of food-related anaphylaxis induced by LTPs requires nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as a triggering cofactor.ObjectiveWe sought to better understand the determinants of NSAID-dependent and NSAID-independent LTP-induced anaphylaxis (LTP-A).MethodsSelection of patients was based on a proved clinical history of NSAID-dependent or NSAID-independent anaphylaxis to LTPs, positive skin prick test response to LTPs, and serum LTP IgE. Whole-transcriptome (RNA sequencing) analysis of blood cells from 14 patients with NSAID-related LTP-A (NSAID-LTP-A), 7 patients with LTP-A, and 13 healthy control subjects was performed to identify distinct gene expression signatures.ResultsExpression of genes regulating gastrointestinal epithelial renewal was altered in both patient sets, particularly in those with LTP-A, who also presented with gene expression profiles characteristic of an inflammatory syndrome. These included altered B-cell pathways, increased neutrophil activation markers, and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Increased expression of the IgG receptor (CD64) in patients with LTP-A was mirrored by the presence of LTP-specific IgG1 and IgG3. Conversely, patients with NSAID-LTP-A were characterized by reduced expression of IFN-γ-regulated genes and IFN-γ levels, as well as upregulated expression of adenosine receptor 3 (ADORA3) and genes related to adenosine metabolism.ConclusionsGene ontology analysis suggests disturbances in gut epithelial homeostasis in both groups with LTP-A, with potential integrity breaches in patients with LTP-A that might explain their distinct inflammatory signatures. Differential regulation in patients with LTP-A and those with NSAID-LTP-A of the IFN-γ pathway, IgG receptors, and ADORA3 might provide the pathogenic basis of their distinct responses.

Dataset Information

Repurposing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Diflunisal as an Osteoprotective, Antivirulence Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis.

Publications

Repurposing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Diflunisal as an Osteoprotective, Antivirulence Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis.

Similar Datasets

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