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Focal salvage therapy for local prostate cancer recurrences after primary radiotherapy: a comprehensive review.

ABSTRACT: Patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy can be eligible for salvage treatment. Whole-gland salvage techniques carry a high risk of toxicity. A focal salvage approach might reduce the risk of adverse events while maintaining cancer control in carefully selected patients. The aim of this review was to evaluate current literature to assess whether focal salvage leads to a comparable or favourable recurrence rate and less toxicity compared to whole-gland salvage.A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. A total of 3015 articles were screened and assessed for quality. Eight papers [on focal cryoablation (n = 3), brachytherapy (n = 3) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (n = 2)] were used to report outcomes.One-, 2-, 3- and 5-year biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) ranges for focal salvage are, respectively, 69-100, 49-100, 50-91 and 46.5-54.5 %. Severe genitourinary, gastrointestinal and sexual function toxicity rates are 0-33.3 %. One study directly compares focal to whole-gland salvage cryotherapy, showing 5-year BDFS of, respectively, 54.4 and 86.5 % with lower toxicity rates for focal salvage patients.Provisional data suggest that BDFS rates of focal salvage are in line with those of whole-gland approaches. There is evidence that focal salvage could decrease severe toxicity and preserve erectile function.

SUBMITTER: Duijzentkunst DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5063906 | biostudies-other | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Focal salvage therapy for local prostate cancer recurrences after primary radiotherapy: a comprehensive review.

Duijzentkunst D A Smit DA Peters M M van der Voort van Zyp J R N JR Moerland M A MA van Vulpen M M

World journal of urology 20160324 11

<h4>Background/aim</h4>Patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy can be eligible for salvage treatment. Whole-gland salvage techniques carry a high risk of toxicity. A focal salvage approach might reduce the risk of adverse events while maintaining cancer control in carefully selected patients. The aim of this review was to evaluate current literature to assess whether focal salvage leads to a comparable or favourable recurrence rate and less toxicity compared to ...[more]

PMID: 27012712

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Project description:Although radiotherapy to the prostate for cancer is effective, recurrence occurs in 10-15% within 5 years. Traditional salvage treatments for men with radiorecurrent prostate cancer comprise of watchful waiting (WW) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or radical prostatectomy (RP). Neither strategy provides ideal therapeutic ratios. Salvage focal ablation is an emerging option. We performed a systematic review of the Medline and Embase databases for studies reporting outcomes of focal salvage brachytherapy (sBT), cryotherapy (sCT) or high-intensity focused ultrasound (sHIFU) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (conception to April 2019). Results were screened for inclusion against predetermined eligibility criteria. Certain data were extracted, including rates of biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS), metastasis, conversion to second-line therapies and adverse events. Of a total 134 articles returned from the search, 15 studies (14 case series and 1 comparative study) reported outcomes after focal sBT [5], sCT [7] and sHIFU [3]. Cohort size varied depending on intervention, with eligible studies of sBT being small case series. Median follow-up ranged from 10 to 56 months. Although pre-salvage demographics were similar [median age range, 61-75 years; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) range, 2.8-5.5 ng/mL], there was heterogeneity in patient selection, individual treatment protocols and outcome reporting. At 3 years, BDFS ranged from 61% to 71.4% after sBT, 48.1-72.4% after sCT and 48% after sHIFU. Only studies of sCT reported 5-year BDFS, which ranged from 46.5% to 54.4%. Rates of metastasis were low after all salvage modalities, as were conversion to second-line therapies (although this was poorly reported). Grade 3 adverse events were rare. This systematic review indicates that salvage focal ablation of radiorecurrent prostate cancer provides acceptable oncological outcomes and is well tolerated. Unfortunately, there is heterogeneity in the study design of existing evidence. Level 1 research comparing salvage focal therapies to existing whole-gland strategies is needed to further establish the role of these promising treatments.

Project description:IntroductionSalvage radiotherapy is the only curative treatment for biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. Macroscopic recurrence may be found in the prostatic bed. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of salvage radiotherapy of the prostate bed with a boost to the area of the macroscopic recurrence.Material and methodsFrom January 2005 to January 2020, 89 patients with macroscopic recurrence in the prostatectomy bed were treated with salvage radiotherapy +/- hormone therapy. The average PSA level prior to radiotherapy was 1.1 ng/mL (SD: 1.6). At the time of biochemical progression, 96% of the patients had a MRI that revealed the macroscopic recurrence, and 58% had an additional choline PET scan. 67.4% of the patients got a boost to the macroscopic nodule, while 32.5% of the patients only underwent radiotherapy of the prostate bed without a boost. The median total dose of radiotherapy was 70 Gy (Min.: 60 - Max.: 74). The most commonly-used regimen was radiotherapy of the prostatectomy bed with a concomitant boost. 48% of the patients were concomitantly treated with hormone therapy.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 53.7 months, 77 patients were alive and 12 had died, of which 4 following metastatic progression. The 5-year and 8-year survival rates (CI95%) are, respectively, 90.2% (78.9-95.6%) and 69.8% (46.4-84.4%). The 5-year biochemical progression-free survival rate (CI95%) is 50.8% (36.7-63.3). Metastatic recurrence occurred in 11.2% of the patients. We did not find any statistically significant impact from the various known prognostic factors for biochemical progression-free survival. No toxicity with a grade of > or = to 3 was found.ConclusionsOur series is one of the largest published to date. Salvage radiotherapy has its place in the management of patients with biochemical progression with local recurrence in the prostate bed, with an acceptable toxicity profile. The interest of the boost is to be evaluated in prospective trials.

Project description:BackgroundCurrently, there is no standard option for local salvage treatment for local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy. Our objective was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in this clinical setting.Methods/materialsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who were treated at our institution with SBRT for local prostate cancer recurrence after External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy. Multidisciplinary staff approved the treatment, and recurrence was biopsy-proven when feasible. A dose of 36 Gy was prescribed in six fractions. Treatment was delivered every other day.ResultsBetween August 2011 and February 2014, 23 patients were treated with SBRT for intra-prostate cancer recurrence with a median follow up of 22 months (6 to 40). Twenty patients had biopsy-proven recurrence. For 19 patients, EBRT was the initial treatment and in four patients, brachytherapy was the initial treatment; the median relapse-time from initial treatment was 65 months (28 to 150). At relapse, 10 patients had an extra-capsular extension. Fourteen patients were treated with androgen deprivation that could be stopped after a median of 1 month after SBRT (range 0-24). A PSA decrease occurred in 82.6% of the patients after SBRT. The 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 54 and 100%, respectively. Disease progression was observed for nine patients (39.1%) (five local, three metastatic and one nodal progression) after a median of 20 months (7-40 months). The median nadir PSA was 0.35 ng/ml and was achieved after a median of 8 months (1 to 30) after treatment. We observed no grade 4 or 5 toxicity. Two patients presented with grade 3 toxicities (two Cystitis and one neuralgia). Other toxicities included urinary toxicities (five grade 2 and nine grade 1) and rectal toxicities (two grade 2 and two grade 1).ConclusionSBRT for local prostate cancer recurrence seems feasible and well tolerated with a short follow up. Prospective evaluation is needed.

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Focal salvage therapy for local prostate cancer recurrences after primary radiotherapy: a comprehensive review.

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Focal salvage therapy for local prostate cancer recurrences after primary radiotherapy: a comprehensive review.

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