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Nitrite addition to acidified sludge significantly improves digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction.

ABSTRACT: Sludge management is a major issue for water utilities globally. Poor digestibility and dewaterability are the main factors determining the cost for sludge management, whereas pathogen and toxic metal concentrations limit beneficial reuse. In this study, the effects of low level nitrite addition to acidified sludge to simultaneously enhance digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction were investigated. Waste activated sludge (WAS) from a full-scale waste water treatment plant was treated at pH 2 with 10?mg NO2--N/L for 5?h. Biochemical methane potential tests showed an increase in the methane production of 28%, corresponding to an improvement from 247?±?8?L CH4/kg VS to 317?±?1?L CH4/kg VS. The enhanced removal of toxic metals further increased the methane production by another 18% to 360?±?6?L CH4/kg VS (a total increase of 46%). The solids content of dewatered sludge increased from 14.6?±?1.4% in the control to 18.2?±?0.8%. A 4-log reduction for both total coliforms and E. coli was achieved. Overall, this study highlights the potential of acidification with low level nitrite addition as an effective and simple method achieving multiple improvements in terms of sludge management.

SUBMITTER: Du F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5177897 | biostudies-other | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Nitrite addition to acidified sludge significantly improves digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction.

Du Fangzhou F Keller Jürg J Yuan Zhiguo Z Batstone Damien J DJ Freguia Stefano S Pikaar Ilje I

Scientific reports 20161222

Sludge management is a major issue for water utilities globally. Poor digestibility and dewaterability are the main factors determining the cost for sludge management, whereas pathogen and toxic metal concentrations limit beneficial reuse. In this study, the effects of low level nitrite addition to acidified sludge to simultaneously enhance digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction were investigated. Waste activated sludge (WAS) from a full-scale waste water treat ...[more]

PMID: 28004811

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Project description:PurposeTo investigate the clinical outcomes following the arthroscopic removal of proximal humerus locking plates for symptomatic hardware after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of proximal humerus fractures.MethodsPatients who underwent arthroscopic removal of hardware (ROH) with capsular release due to pain and/or immobility after receiving locking plates to treat proximal humerus fractures from 2009 to 2016 were identified. Operative and clinic records were reviewed to obtain demographic information, concomitant procedures during ROH, and pre- and postoperative active shoulder range of motion. Postoperative patient-reported outcomes included the QuickDASH, PROMIS Pain Intensity, Constant, and University of California, Los Angeles shoulder rating scale.ResultsIn total, 88 patients were included. Patients were evaluated at a minimum of 6 weeks postoperatively after ROH. Patients with pre- and postoperative active range of motion values demonstrated significant improvements in mean forward elevation (n = 69; 78.4%; 115.1° to 152.1°, P < .001), abduction (n = 29; 33.0%; 70.9° to 138.7°, P < .001), external rotation (n = 49; 55.7%; 43.7° to 58.6°, P = .012), and internal rotation (n = 45; 51.1%; 25.7° to 61.9°, P < .001). Patients also reported positive patient-reported scores, including the QuickDASH (4.1 ± 7.8), PROMIS Pain Intensity (3.5 ± 0.9), Constant (84.6 ± 10.7), and University of California, Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (33 ± 2.9), which were measured 70.6 ± 26.6 months postoperatively. There were no surgical complications, no arthroscopic cases were converted to open, but 2 reported refractures (2.3%).ConclusionsArthroscopic-assisted removal of proximal humerus locking plates significantly improves motion and function while allowing for management of concomitant shoulder pathology and potentially avoiding open surgery complications. Given that patients undergoing this procedure frequently have multiple comorbidities, arthroscopic-assisted removal with smaller incisions may minimize risks while restoring shoulder mobility. Therefore, arthroscopic ROH for patients experiencing symptomatic hardware after ORIF is recommended.Level of evidenceLevel IV, therapeutic case series.

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Nitrite addition to acidified sludge significantly improves digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction.

Publications

Nitrite addition to acidified sludge significantly improves digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction.

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