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Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

ABSTRACT: Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis fruit), also known as "Amla" is one of the oldest edible fruits known in India. It has also traditionally been used to treat inflammation, and as an analgesic to treat wounds. However, experimental evidence for the analgesic effects of E. officinalis has been lacking. The present study investigated whether E. officinalis extracts exhibit analgesic effects in the plantar incision (PI) and spared nerve injury (SNI) pain-model rats. We evaluated the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) using von Frey filaments, and pain-related behavior was determined after surgery based on ultrasonic vocalization (USV). The group treated with E. officinalis extracts at 300 mg/kg had significantly increased MWT values at 6 h and 24 h after the PI, and had a significantly reduced number of 22-27-kHz USVs at 6 h and 24 h after PI. Moreover, after 15 days of continuous treatment with E. officinalis extracts, the treated group showed significantly alleviated SNI-induced hypersensitivity and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Thus, E. officinalis extracts have potential analgesic effects in both postoperative and neuropathic pain models in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Lim DW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5188415 | biostudies-other | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Lim Dong Wook DW Kim Jae Goo JG Kim Yun Tai YT

Nutrients 20161126 12

Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis fruit), also known as "Amla" is one of the oldest edible fruits known in India. It has also traditionally been used to treat inflammation, and as an analgesic to treat wounds. However, experimental evidence for the analgesic effects of E. officinalis has been lacking. The present study investigated whether E. officinalis extracts exhibit analgesic effects in the plantar incision (PI) and spared nerve injury (SNI) pain-model rats. We eva ...[more]

PMID: 27898027

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Project description:Neuropathic pain takes a heavy toll on individual well-being, while current therapy is far from desirable. Herein, we assessed the analgesic effect of β-elemene, a chief component in the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin, and explored the underlying mechanisms at the level of spinal dorsal horn (SDH) under neuropathic pain. A spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain model was established in rats. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of β-elemene was administered for 21 consecutive days. Mechanical allodynia was explored by von Frey filaments. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family (including ERK, p38, and JNK) in spinal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia was evaluated using immunostaining 29 days after SNI surgery. The expression of GFAP, Iba-1, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 within the SDH was measured using immunoblotting. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured with ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress indicators (including MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX) were detected using biochemical tests. Consecutive i.p. administration of β-elemene relieved SNI-induced mechanical allodynia (with an EC50 of 16.40 mg/kg). SNI significantly increased the expression of p-ERK in spinal astrocytes but not microglia on day 29. β-elemene reversed spinal astrocytic ERK activation and subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in SNI rats, with no effect on the expression of p38 and JNK in spinal glia. β-elemene also exerted antioxidative effects by increasing the levels of SOD and GSH-PX and decreasing the level of MDA. Our results suggest that SNI induces robust astrocytic ERK activation within the SDH in the late phase of neuropathic pain. β-elemene exerts remarkable analgesic effects on neuropathic pain, possibly by inhibiting spinal astrocytic ERK activation and subsequent neuroinflammatory processes. Our findings suggest that β-elemene might be a promising analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain.

Project description:Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used to treat human nerve disorders and neuropathic pain by modulating the excitability of cortex. The effectiveness of tDCS is influenced by its stimulation parameters, but there have been no systematic studies to help guide the selection of different parameters. Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of tDCS of primary motor cortex (M1) on chronic neuropathic pain in rats and to test for the optimal parameter combinations for analgesia. Methods: Using the chronic neuropathic pain models of chronic constriction injury (CCI), we measured pain thresholds before and after anodal-tDCS (A-tDCS) using different parameter conditions, including stimulation intensity, stimulation time, intervention time and electrode located (ipsilateral or contralateral M1 of the ligated paw on male/female CCI models). Results: Following the application of A-tDCS over M1, we observed that the antinociceptive effects were depended on different parameters. First, we found that repetitive A-tDCS had a longer analgesic effect than single stimulus, and both ipsilateral-tDCS (ip-tDCS) and contralateral-tDCS (con-tDCS) produce a long-lasting analgesic effect on neuropathic pain. Second, the antinociceptive effects were intensity-dependent and time-dependent, high intensities worked better than low intensities and long stimulus durations worked better than short stimulus durations. Third, timing of the intervention after injury affected the stimulation outcome, early use of tDCS was an effective method to prevent the development of pain, and more frequent intervention induced more analgesia in CCI rats, finally, similar antinociceptive effects of con- and ip-tDCS were observed in both sexes of CCI rats. Conclusion: Optimized protocols of tDCS for treating antinociceptive effects were developed. These findings should be taken into consideration when using tDCS to produce analgesic effects in clinical applications.

Dataset Information

Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Publications

Analgesic Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Fruit) Extracts on Postoperative and Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

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