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Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

ABSTRACT: In today's Western society, concerns regarding body size and negative feelings toward one's body are all too common. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying negative feelings toward the body and how they relate to body perception and eating-disorder pathology. Here, we used multisensory illusions to elicit illusory ownership of obese and slim bodies during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results implicate the anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex in the development of negative feelings toward the body through functional interactions with the posterior parietal cortex, which mediates perceived obesity. Moreover, cingulate neural responses were modulated by nonclinical eating-disorder psychopathology and were attenuated in females. These results reveal how perceptual and affective body representations interact in the human brain and may help explain the neurobiological underpinnings of eating-disorder vulnerability in women.

SUBMITTER: Preston C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5193143 | biostudies-other | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

Preston Catherine C Ehrsson H Henrik HH

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20161012 12

In today's Western society, concerns regarding body size and negative feelings toward one's body are all too common. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying negative feelings toward the body and how they relate to body perception and eating-disorder pathology. Here, we used multisensory illusions to elicit illusory ownership of obese and slim bodies during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results implicate the anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex in ...[more]

PMID: 27733537

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Project description:ObjectivesIn physiological situations, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insular cortex (AIC) are prone to coactivation. The functional connectivity and interaction between ACC and AIC in the context of epilepsy remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic coupling between these two brain regions during seizures.MethodsPatients who underwent stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recording were included in this study. The SEEG data were visually inspected and quantitatively analyzed. The narrowband oscillations and aperiodic components at seizure onset were parameterized. The frequency-specific non-linear correlation analysis was applied to the functional connectivity. The excitation/inhibition ratio (E:I ratio) reflected by the aperiodic slope was performed to evaluate the excitability.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study, with 10 diagnosed with anterior cingulate epilepsy and 10 with anterior insular epilepsy. In both types of epilepsy, the correlation coefficient (h2 ) between the ACC and AIC at seizure onset exhibited a significantly higher value than that during interictal and preictal periods (p < 0.05). The direction index (D) showed a significant increase at seizure onset, serving as an indicator for the direction of information flow between these two brain regions with up to 90% accuracy. The E:I ratio increased significantly at seizure onset, with the seizure-onset zone (SOZ) demonstrating a more pronounced increase compared to non-SOZ (p < 0.05). For seizures originating from AIC, the E:I ratio was significantly higher in the AIC than in the ACC (p = 0.0364).ConclusionsIn the context of epilepsy, the ACC and AIC are dynamically coupled during seizures. The functional connectivity and excitability exhibit a significant increase at seizure onset. By analyzing connectivity and excitability, the SOZ in ACC and AIC can be identified. The direction index (D) serves as an indicator for the direction of information flow from SOZ to non-SOZ. Notably, the excitability of SOZ changes more significantly than that of non-SOZ.

Project description:Attenuated activity in performance-monitoring brain regions following erroneous actions may contribute to the repetition of maladaptive behaviors such as continued drug use. Externalizing is a broad personality construct characterized by deficient impulse control, vulnerability to addiction and reduced neurobiological indices of error processing. The insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are regions critically linked with error processing as well as the perpetuation of cigarette smoking. As such, we examined the interrelations between externalizing tendencies, erroneous task performance, and error-related insula and dACC activity in overnight-deprived smokers (n?=?24) and non-smokers (n?=?20). Participants completed a self-report measure assessing externalizing tendencies (Externalizing Spectrum Inventory) and a speeded Flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We observed that higher externalizing tendencies correlated with the occurrence of more performance errors among smokers but not non-smokers. Suggesting a neurobiological contribution to such suboptimal performance among smokers, higher externalizing also predicted less recruitment of the right insula and dACC following error commission. Critically, this error-related activity fully mediated the relationship between externalizing traits and error rates. That is, higher externalizing scores predicted less error-related right insula and dACC activity and, in turn, less error-related activity predicted more errors. Relating such regional activity with a clinically relevant construct, less error-related right insula and dACC responses correlated with higher tobacco craving during abstinence. Given that inadequate error-related neuronal responses may contribute to continued drug use despite negative consequences, these results suggest that externalizing tendencies and/or compromised error processing among subsets of smokers may be relevant factors for smoking cessation success.

Dataset Information

Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

Publications

Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

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