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The Rate of Change in Alcohol Misuse Across Adolescence is Heritable.

ABSTRACT: Alcohol use typically begins during adolescence and escalates into young adulthood. This represents an important period for the establishment of alcohol use and misuse patterns, which can have psychosocial and medical consequences. Although changes in alcohol use during this time have been phenotypically characterized, their genetic nature is poorly understood.Participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) 4 times from age 16 to 20. We used Mplus to construct a growth model characterizing changes in AUDIT scores across time (N = 4,545, where data were available for at least 2 time points). The slope of the model was used as the phenotype in a genomewide association study (N = 3,380), followed by secondary genetic analyses.No individual marker met genomewide significance criteria. Top markers mapped to biologically plausible candidate genes. The slope term was moderately heritable (h2SNP = 0.26, p = 0.009), and replication attempts using a meta-analysis of independent samples provided support for implicated variants at the aggregate level. Nominally significant (p < 0.00001) markers mapped to putatively active genomic regions in brain tissue more frequently than expected by chance.These results build on prior studies by demonstrating that common genetic variation impacts alcohol misuse trajectories. Influential loci map to genes that merit additional research, as well as to intergenic regions with regulatory functions in the central nervous system. These findings underscore the complex biological nature of alcohol misuse across development.

SUBMITTER: Edwards AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5205550 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The Rate of Change in Alcohol Misuse Across Adolescence is Heritable.

Edwards Alexis C AC Heron Jon J Vladimirov Vladimir V Wolen Aaron R AR Adkins Daniel E DE Aliev Fazil F Hickman Matthew M Kendler Kenneth S KS

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 20161128 1

<h4>Background</h4>Alcohol use typically begins during adolescence and escalates into young adulthood. This represents an important period for the establishment of alcohol use and misuse patterns, which can have psychosocial and medical consequences. Although changes in alcohol use during this time have been phenotypically characterized, their genetic nature is poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed the Alcohol Use Disorder ...[more]

PMID: 27892595

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Project description:BackgroundThe ability to identify and interpret facial emotions plays a critical role in effective social functioning, which may be impaired in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We previously reported deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" (RME) test, which assesses the interpretation of facial emotion. This follow-up study in adolescents was designed to determine whether this impairment persists or represents a developmental delay; to classify the RME stimuli by valence (positive, negative, or neutral) and determine whether RME deficits differ by affective valence; and to explore how components of executive function mediate these associations.MethodsThe RME stimuli were rated and grouped according to valence. Sixty-two participants who had been administered the RME in late childhood (mean ± SD = 11.0 ± 0.4 years) were re-administered this test during adolescence (17.2 ± 0.6 years). Overall and valence-specific RME accuracy was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and FASD diagnosis.ResultsChildren with FAS (n = 8) and PFAS (n = 15) performed more poorly on the RME than non-syndromal heavily exposed (HE; n = 19) and control individuals (n = 20). By adolescence, the PFAS group performed similarly to HE and controls, whereas the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. No deficits were seen for positively valenced items in any of the groups. For negative and neutral items, in late childhood individuals with FAS and PFAS performed more poorly than HE and controls, but by adolescence only the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. Test-retest reliability was moderate across the two ages. At both timepoints, the effects in the FAS group were partially mediated by Verbal Fluency but not by other aspects of executive function.ConclusionsIndividuals with full FAS have greater difficulty interpreting facial emotions than those with non-syndromal HE and healthy controls in both childhood and adolescence. By contrast, RME deficits in individuals with PFAS in childhood represent developmental delay.

Dataset Information

The Rate of Change in Alcohol Misuse Across Adolescence is Heritable.

Publications

The Rate of Change in Alcohol Misuse Across Adolescence is Heritable.

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