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Processes of Fatigue Destruction in Nanopolymer-Hydrophobised Ceramic Bricks.

ABSTRACT: The article presents a proposal of a model of fatigue destruction of hydrophobised ceramic brick, i.e., a basic masonry material. The brick surface was hydrophobised with two inorganic polymers: a nanopolymer preparation based on dialkyl siloxanes (series 1-5) and an aqueous silicon solution (series 6-10). Nanosilica was added to the polymers to enhance the stability of the film formed on the brick surface. To achieve an appropriate blend of the polymer liquid phase and the nano silica solid phase, the mixture was disintegrated by sonication. The effect of the addition of nano silica and sonication on changes in the rheological parameters, i.e., viscosity and surface tension, was determined. Material fatigue was induced by cyclic immersion of the samples in water and drying at a temperature of 100 °C, which caused rapid and relatively dynamic movement of water. The moisture and temperature effect was determined by measurement of changes in surface hardness performed with the Vickers method and assessment of sample absorbability. The results provided an approximate picture of fatigue destruction of brick and hydrophobic coatings in relation to changes in their temporal stability. Additionally, SEM images of hydrophobic coatings in are shown.

SUBMITTER: Fic S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5344565 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Sliding contact fatigue damage in layered ceramic structures.

Project description:Porcelain-veneered restorations often chip and fracture from repeated occlusal loading, making fatigue studies relevant. Most fatigue studies are limited to uni-axial loading without sliding motion. We hypothesized that bi-axial loading (contact-load-slide-liftoff, simulating a masticatory cycle), as compared with uni-axial loading, accelerates the fatigue of layered ceramics. Monolithic glass plates were epoxy-joined to polycarbonate substrates as a transparent model for an all-ceramic crown on dentin. Uni-and bi-axial cyclic contact was applied through a hard sphere in water, by means of a mouth-motion simulator apparatus. The uni-axial (contact-load-hold-liftoff) and traditional R-ratio fatigue (indenter never leaves the specimen surface) produced similar lifespans, while bi-axial fatigue was more severe. The accelerated crack growth rate in bi-axial fatigue is attributed to enhanced tensile stresses at the trailing edges of a moving indenter. Fracture mechanics descriptions for damage evolution in brittle materials loaded repeatedly with a sliding sphere are provided. Clinical relevance is addressed.

| S-EPMC4708265 | biostudies-literature

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Fatigue Lifetime of Ceramic Matrix Composites at Intermediate Temperature by Acoustic Emission.

Project description:The fatigue behavior of a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) at intermediate temperature under air is investigated. Because of the low density and the high tensile strength of CMC, they offer a good technical solution to design aeronautical structural components. The aim of the present study is to compare the behavior of this composite under static and cyclic loading. Comparison between incremental static and cyclic tests shows that cyclic loading with an amplitude higher than 30% of the ultimate tensile strength has significant effects on damage and material lifetimes. In order to evaluate the remaining lifetime, several damage indicators, mainly based on the investigation of the liberated energy, are introduced. These indicators highlight critical times or characteristic times, allowing an evaluation of the remaining lifetime. A link is established with the characteristic time around 25% of the total test duration and the beginning of the matrix cracking during cyclic fatigue.

| S-EPMC5554039 | biostudies-other

Modeling Cyclic Fatigue Hysteresis Loops of 2D Woven Ceramic Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures in Steam.

Project description:In this paper, the cyclic fatigue hysteresis loops of 2D woven SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) at elevated temperatures in steam have been investigated. The interface slip between fibers and the matrix existing in matrix cracking modes 3 and 5, in which matrix cracking and interface debonding occurred in longitudinal yarns, is considered as the major reason for hysteresis loops of 2D woven CMCs. The hysteresis loops of 2D SiC/SiC composites corresponding to different peak stresses, test conditions, and loading frequencies have been predicted using the present analysis. The damage parameter, i.e., the proportion of matrix cracking mode 3 in the entire matrix cracking modes of the composite, and the hysteresis dissipated energy increase with increasing fatigue peak stress. With increasing cycle number, the interface shear stress in the longitudinal yarns decreases, leading to transition of interface slip types of matrix cracking modes 3 and 5.

| S-EPMC5456755 | biostudies-other

Fatigue Damage and Lifetime of SiC/SiC Ceramic-Matrix Composite under Cyclic Loading at Elevated Temperatures.

Project description:In this paper, the fatigue damage and lifetime of 2D SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) under cyclic fatigue loading at 750, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C in air and in steam atmosphere have been investigated. The damage evolution versus applied cycles of 2D SiC/SiC composites were analyzed using fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy, fatigue hysteresis modulus, fatigue peak strain and interface shear stress. The presence of steam accelerated the damage development inside of SiC/SiC composites, which increased the increasing rate of the fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy and the fatigue peak strain, and the decreasing rate of the fatigue hysteresis modulus and the interface shear stress. The fatigue life stress-cycle (S-N) curves and fatigue limit stresses of 2D SiC/SiC composites at different temperatures in air and in steam condition have been predicted. The fatigue limit stresses approach 67%, 28%, 39% 17% and 28% tensile strength at 750, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C in air, and 49%, 10%, 9% and 19% tensile strength at 750, 1000, 1200 and 1300 °C in steam conditions, respectively.

| S-EPMC5506978 | biostudies-other

Inflammatory pseudotumor after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty.

Project description:We present a unique case of a symptomatic adverse local tissue reaction in a patient with a ceramic-on-ceramic total hip bearing surface. To our knowledge, this pathological finding has not yet been described in a ceramic-on-ceramic articulation without a cobalt-chromium alloy trunnion or modular neck component as a source of metal wear. We conclude that despite its mechanical mostly benign wear characteristics, ceramic wear debris is not entirely inert and may lead to the development of adverse local tissue reaction.

| S-EPMC5485220 | biostudies-literature

Ceramic nanowelding.

Project description:Ceramics possess high temperature resistance, extreme hardness, high chemical inertness and a lower density compared to metals, but there is currently no technology that can produce satisfactory joints in ceramic parts and preserve the excellent properties of the material. The lack of suitable joining techniques for ceramics is thus a major road block for their wider applications. Herein we report a technology to weld ceramic nanowires, with the mechanical strength of the weld stronger than that of the pristine nanowires. Using an advanced aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) under a CO2 environment, we achieved ceramic nanowelding through the chemical reaction MgO + CO2 → MgCO3 by using porous MgO as the solder. We conducted not only nanowelding on MgO, CuO, and V2O5 nanowires and successfully tested them in tension, but also macroscopic welding on a ceramic material such as SiO2, indicating the application potential of this technology in bottom-up ceramic tools and devices.

| S-EPMC5758820 | biostudies-literature

Incidence of 'squeaking' after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty.

Project description:UnlabelledThe incidence of hip "squeak" associated with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings has been variably reported, ranging from 0.7% to 20.9%. We determined the patients' perception of squeaking in 306 patients (336 hips) in whom ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed between 1997 and 2005. A questionnaire regarding hip noise was obtained by telephone. With a minimum followup of 2 years (mean, 3.9 years; range, 2-10 years), 290 patients (320 or 95% of the THAs) completed the questionnaire. Patients reported hip noise in 55 of the 320 THAs (17%); noise was perceived as squeak in 32 of the 320 (10%). Most squeaking hips (29 of 32) were pain-free and symptom-free. One patient was unhappy with his squeaking hip without pain. Our data suggest a much higher incidence of squeak as perceived by patients than previously reported.Level of evidenceLevel II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

| S-EPMC2806984 | biostudies-literature

Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty: I Can Hear You.

Project description:BackgroundSqueaking is a known complication of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasty (THA), yet there is a lack of studies specifically quantifying its loudness. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the incidence of squeaking in CoC THAs at long-term follow-up; (2) to identify risk factors; and (3) to quantify the loudness of the squeaking.MethodsA specifically designed prospective questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and loudness of squeaking in 130 (110 patients) primary THAs with fourth-generation CoC bearings at a mean follow-up of 10.5 years. The loudness of the squeaking was determined by the decibel (dB) scale from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.ResultsOverall, 28% of the CoC hips experienced squeaking. The mean onset was 5.7 years postoperatively, with 39% of the cases having their onset more than 5 years after their THA. Patients with a lower body mass index were more likely to report squeaking (P = .009). The mean loudness of the squeak was 35 dB (range, 10-70 dB) and was loud in 36% of the hips. Patients who developed squeaking early postoperatively had louder squeaking than those with a later onset (P = .007). The loudness of the squeaking sound progressed in 25% of the cases, and these hips had louder squeaking (P = .04).ConclusionsSqueaking after CoC THA is not uncommon, can be relatively loud, and increases over time. This needs to be considered in young patients that are candidates for CoC THAs.

| S-EPMC10517284 | biostudies-literature

Fatigue Life Prediction of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites with Different Fiber Preforms at Room and Elevated Temperatures.

Project description:In this paper, the fatigue life of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) with different fiber preforms, i.e., unidirectional, cross-ply, 2D (two dimensional), 2.5D and 3D CMCs at room and elevated temperatures in air and oxidative environments, has been predicted using the micromechanics approach. An effective coefficient of the fiber volume fraction along the loading direction (ECFL) was introduced to describe the fiber architecture of preforms. The statistical matrix multicracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonding criterion were used to determine the matrix crack spacing and interface debonded length. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the fiber broken fraction was determined by combining the interface wear model and fiber statistical failure model at room temperature, and interface/fiber oxidation model, interface wear model and fiber statistical failure model at elevated temperatures, based on the assumption that the fiber strength is subjected to two-parameter Weibull distribution and the load carried by broken and intact fibers satisfies the Global Load Sharing (GLS) criterion. When the broken fiber fraction approaches the critical value, the composites fatigue fracture.

| S-EPMC5456649 | biostudies-other

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