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Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive biomarker for advanced glycation end products, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components.

ABSTRACT: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises several cardiometabolic risk factors associated with increased risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a non-invasive biomarker of advanced glycation end products accumulation, is associated with cardiovascular complications in subjects with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between SAF and the presence of MetS as well as its individual components in a general population.For this cross-sectional analysis, we included 78,671 non-diabetic subjects between 18 and 80 years of age who participated in the LifeLines Cohort Study and had SAF measurement obtained non-invasively using the AGE Reader. MetS was defined according to the revised NCEP ATP III criteria. Students unpaired t test was used to test differences between groups. Both logistic and linear regression analyses were performed in order to test associations between the individual MetS components and SAF.Subjects with MetS had higher SAF (2.07 ± 0.45 arbitrary units, AU) compared to individuals without MetS (1.89 ± 0.42 AU) (p < 0.001). There was a positive association between the number of MetS components and higher SAF Z-scores (p < 0.001). Individuals in the highest SAF tertile had a higher presence of MetS (OR 2.61; 95% CI 2.48-2.75) and some of the individual components compared to subjects in the lowest SAF tertile. After correction for age, gender, creatinine clearance, HbA1c and smoking status, only elevated blood pressure and low HDL cholesterol remained significantly associated with higher SAF (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001 respectively).Skin autofluorescence was associated with the presence of MetS and some of its individual components. In addition, increasing SAF Z-scores were observed with a higher number of MetS components. Prospective studies are needed to establish whether SAF can be used as an (additional) screening tool to predict both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in high-risk populations.

SUBMITTER: van Waateringe RP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5450154 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive biomarker for advanced glycation end products, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components.

van Waateringe Robert P RP Slagter Sandra N SN van Beek Andre P AP van der Klauw Melanie M MM van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Jana V JV Graaff Reindert R Paterson Andrew D AD Lutgers Helen L HL Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R BHR

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 20170530

<h4>Background</h4>The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises several cardiometabolic risk factors associated with increased risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a non-invasive biomarker of advanced glycation end products accumulation, is associated with cardiovascular complications in subjects with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between SAF and the presence of MetS as well as its individual components in a gen ...[more]

PMID: 28572855

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Project description:BackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease (CHD), but their role in CVD pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated cross-sectional associations of skin AGEs with subclinical atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, and hypertension after confirming their relation with CHD.MethodsIn the population-based Rotterdam Study, skin AGEs were measured as skin autofluorescence (SAF). Prevalent MI was obtained from digital medical records. Carotid plaques, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), coronary artery calcification (CAC), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and hypertension were assessed. Associations of SAF with endophenotypes were investigated in logistic and linear regression models adjusting for common cardiovascular risk factors. Effect modification by sex, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was tested.Results3001 participants were included (mean age 73 (SD 9) years, 57% women). One unit higher SAF was associated with the presence of carotid plaques (OR 1.2 (0.92, 1.57)), a higher max IMT (0.08 SD (0.01, 0.15)), higher CAC (OR 2.2 (1.39, 3.48)), and PWV (0.09 SD (0.01, 0.16)), but not with hypertension (OR 0.99 (0.81, 1.21)). The associations with endophenotypes were more pronounced in men and participants with diabetes or CKD with significant interactions.ConclusionsPreviously documented associations between SAF and CVD, also found in our study, may be explained by the endophenotypes atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness, especially in men and individuals with diabetes or CKD, but not by hypertension. Longitudinal studies are needed to replicate these findings and to test if SAF is an independent risk factor or biomarker of CVD.Trial registrationThe Rotterdam Study has been entered into the Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR; www.trialregister.nl ) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/ ) under shared catalogue number NTR6831.

Project description:Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which bind to type 1 collagen in bone and skin, have been implicated in reduced bone quality. The AGE reader™ measures skin autofluorescence (SAF), which might be regarded as a marker of long-term accumulation of AGEs in tissues. We investigated the association of SAF with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures in the general population. We studied 2853 individuals from the Rotterdam Study with available SAF measurements (median age, 74.1 years) and with data on prevalent major osteoporotic (MOFs: hip, humerus, wrist, clinical vertebral) and vertebral fractures (VFs: clinical + radiographic Genant's grade 2 and 3). Radiographs were assessed 4 to 5 years before SAF. Multivariate regression models were performed adjusted for age, sex, BMI, creatinine, smoking status, and presence of diabetes and additionally for BMD with interaction terms to test for effect modification. Prevalence of MOFs was 8.5% and of VFs 7%. SAF had a curvilinear association with prevalent MOFs and VFs and therefore, age-adjusted, sex stratified SAF quartiles were used. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the second, third and fourth quartiles of SAF for MOFs were as follows: OR 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08-2.35; p = .02); OR 1.30 (95% CI, 0.89-1.97; p = .20), and OR 1.40 (95% CI, 0.95-2.10; p = .09), respectively, with first (lowest) quartile as reference. For VFs the ORs were as follows: OR 1.69 (95% CI, 1.08-2.64; p = .02), OR 1.74(95% CI, 1.11-2.71; p = .01), and OR 1.73 (95% CI, 1.12-2.73; p = .02) for second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. When comparing the top three quartiles combined with the first quartile, the OR (95% CI) for MOFs was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.04-2.00; p = .03) and for VFs was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.18-2.53; p = .005). Additional adjustment for BMD did not change the associations. In conclusion, there is evidence of presence of a threshold of skin AGEs below which there is distinctly lower prevalence of fractures. Longitudinal analyses are needed to confirm our cross-sectional findings. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Project description:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues with aging and may influence age-related diseases. They can be estimated non-invasively by skin autofluorescence (SAF) using the AGE Reader™. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) may inhibit AGEs accumulation through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties but evidence in humans is scarce. The objective was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D3 and SAF in the population-based cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D3 and other covariates were measured at baseline. SAF was measured on average 11.5 years later. Known risk factors for AGE accumulation such as higher age, BMI, and coffee intake, male sex, smoking, diabetes, and decreased renal function were measured at baseline. Linear regression models were adopted to explore the association between 25(OH)D3 and SAF with adjustment for confounders. Interaction terms were tested to identify effect modification. The study was conducted in the general community. 2746 community-dwelling participants (age ≥ 45 years) from the Rotterdam Study were included. Serum 25(OH)D3 inversely associated with SAF and explained 1.5% of the variance (unstandardized B = - 0.002 (95% CI[- 0.003, - 0.002]), standardized β = - 0.125), independently of known risk factors and medication intake. The association was present in both diabetics (B = - 0.004 (95% CI[- 0.008, - 0.001]), β = - 0.192) and non-diabetics (B = - 0.002 (95% CI[- 0.003, - 0.002]), β = - 0.122), both sexes, both smokers and non-smokers and in each RS subcohort. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly and inversely associated with SAF measured prospectively, also after adjustment for known risk factors for high SAF and the number of medication used, but the causal chain is yet to be explored in future studies.Clinical Trial Registry (1) Netherlands National Trial Register: Trial ID: NTR6831 ( http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6831 ). (2) WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: under shared catalogue number NTR6831 ( www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/ ).

Dataset Information

Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive biomarker for advanced glycation end products, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components.

Publications

Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive biomarker for advanced glycation end products, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual components.

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